Molecular Characterization of a Novel Infecting Raspberry.

Raspberry plants, valued for their fruits, are vulnerable to a range of viruses that adversely affect their yield and quality. Utilizing high-throughput sequencing (HTS), we identified a novel virus, tentatively named raspberry enamovirus 1 (RaEV1), in three distinct raspberry plants. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of RaEV1, focusing on its genomic structure, phylogeny, and possible transmission routes.

Cadmium and Zn hyperaccumulation provide efficient constitutive defense against Turnip yellow mosaic virus infection in Noccaea caerulescens.

To understand the role of Zn and Cd in anti-viral defence, Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens plants grown with deficient (0.3 µM), replete (10 µM) and excess (100 µM) Zn and Cd (10 µM Zn + 1 µM Cd) were infected with Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV). Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics analyses demonstrated direct TYMV effects on photosynthetic light reactions but N.

Elimination of Solanum nigrum ilarvirus 1 and Apple Hammerhead Viroid from Apple Cultivars Using Antivirals Ribavirin, Rimantadine, and Zidovudine.

Apple hammerhead viroid (AHVd) was detected in the apple cultivar 'Šampion' and in mixed infection with Solanum nigrum ilarvirus 1 (SnIV-1) in the cultivars 'Selena' and 'Jonagored Supra', using a high-throughput sequencing method. Experiments were conducted to eliminate both pathogens in apples using meristem tip cultures in combination with the antivirotics ribavirin, rimantadine, and zidovudine. Elimination of both pathogens was verified by repeated RT-PCR and qRT-PCR assays after 7-11 months.

Mixed Infection of Blackcurrant with a Novel Cytorhabdovirus and Black Currant-Associated Nucleorhabdovirus.

A virome screen was performed on a new breeding line, KB1, of blackcurrant. Rhabdovirus-like particles were observed by electron microscopy in ultrathin sections of flower stalks, and the complete genome sequence of a novel virus, provisionally named blackcurrant rhabdovirus 2 (BCRV2), was determined and verified using high-throughput sequencing. The genomic organization of BCRV2 was characteristic of cytorhabdoviruses (family ) and included seven genes: 3 ́- N-P´-P-P3-M-G-L -5 ́.

Detection of Apple Hammerhead Viroid, Apple Luteovirus 1 and Citrus Concave Gum-Associated Virus in Apple Propagation Materials and Orchards in the Czech Republic and Hungary.

Grafting cultivars onto rootstocks is a widely used practice by the apple industry predominantly aimed at faster fruit bearing. Using high-throughput sequencing, we revealed the presence of recently described viral agents, namely apple hammerhead viroid (AHVd), apple luteovirus 1 (ALV-1), and citrus concave gum-associated virus (CCGaV), in germplasm collections and production orchards in the Czech Republic and Hungary. The HTS results were validated with RT-(q)PCR, and Northern blotting techniques.

The Expanding Menagerie of -Infecting Luteoviruses.

Members of the genus are responsible for economically destructive plant diseases worldwide. Over the past few years, three luteoviruses infecting trees have been characterized. However, the biological properties, prevalence, and genetic diversity of those viruses have not yet been studied.

Genomic analysis of the brassica pathogen turnip mosaic potyvirus reveals its spread along the former trade routes of the Silk Road.

Plant pathogens have agricultural impacts on a global scale and resolving the timing and route of their spread can aid crop protection and inform control strategies. However, the evolutionary and phylogeographic history of plant pathogens in Eurasia remains largely unknown because of the difficulties in sampling across such a large landmass. Here, we show that turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV), a significant pathogen of brassica crops, spread from west to east across Eurasia from about the 17th century CE.

Graft-Transmissible Diseases of - Pathogens, Impact, and Control.

This article provides an up-to-date review of disease-causing viruses and phytoplasmas of currants including symptoms, transmission, detection, economic impact, and control measures. Currants are widely cultivated in more than 30 countries in the temperate zones of Europe, Asia, South America, Australia, and New Zealand. spp.

Interaction Between Zn Deficiency, Toxicity and Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus Infection in .

Zinc is essential for the functioning of numerous proteins in plants. To investigate how Zn homeostasis interacts with virus infection, Zn-tolerant plants exposed to deficient (Zn'0'), optimal (Zn10), and excess Zn (Zn100) concentrations, as well as Cd amendment, were infected with Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV). Imaging analysis of fluorescence kinetics from the μs (OJIP) to the minutes (Kautsky effect, quenching analysis) time domain revealed strong patchiness of systemic virus-induced photosystem II (PSII) inhibition.

Complete genome sequence of a mite-associated virus obtained by high-throughput sequencing analysis of an apple leaf sample.

We provide the complete sequence of a virus tentatively named "Tetranychus urticae-associated picorna-like virus 1PK13" (TuaPV1-PK13) obtained from the high-throughput sequencing of a symptomless apple leaf sample. Although the virus sequence was originally derived from apple leaves, the data suggest that the virus is associated with the two-spotted mite Tetranychus urticae.

Genomic characterization of Malus domestica virus A (MdoVA), a novel velarivirus infecting apple.

Screening of apple samples using a high-throughput sequencing (HTS) approach led to the discovery of a novel virus, tentatively named "Malus domestica virus A" (MdoVA). Its genomic organisation and phylogenetic relationship showed relatedness to viruses of the genus Velarivirus in the family Closteroviridae. It is not clear whether MdoVA has any impact on its host, as the analysed apple tree contained other viruses and a viroid.

Red clover-associated luteovirus - a newly classifiable member of the genus Luteovirus with an enamo-like P5 protein.

This study reports the complete genomic sequence of a novel virus isolated from red clover. According to its genomic organization, its similarity to luteoviruses, and a greater than 10% difference in all genes, this virus isolate likely represents a new luteovirus species. As seen in nectarine stem pitting-associated virus (NSPaV) and NSPaV-South Korea (SK) luteoviruses, it differs from typical luteoviruses through the absence of ORF3a and ORF4 encoding movement proteins.

Molecular Characterization of Divergent Closterovirus Isolates Infecting Species.

Five isolates of a new member of the family , tentatively named blackcurrant leafroll-associated virus 1 (BcLRaV-1), were identified in the currant. The 17-kb-long genome codes for 10 putative proteins. The replication-associated polyprotein has several functional domains, including papain-like proteases, methyltransferase, Zemlya, helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Variability Studies of Two -Infecting Fabaviruses with the Aid of High-Throughput Sequencing.

During their lifetime, perennial woody plants are expected to face multiple infection events. Furthermore, multiple genotypes of individual virus species may co-infect the same host. This may eventually lead to a situation where plants harbor complex communities of viral species/strains.

Identification and molecular characterization of a novel varicosa-like virus from red clover.

During aetiological study of diseased red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) using high throughput sequencing, a novel virus with a 10 kb genome divided into two segments was discovered. The virus, tentatively named red clover associated varicosavirus (RCaVV), is phylogenetically related to classifiable members of the genus Varicosavirus (family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales).

Molecular characterization of a novel capillovirus from red currant.

The complete nucleotide sequence of a novel virus from red currant, provisionally named currant virus A (CuVA), was determined. The genome is 7925 nucleotides long and has a 3'-poly(A) tail. The genome organization with two overlapping open reading frames is similar to that of capilloviruses, but the CuVA genome is about 600 nucleotides longer than that of the longest known capillovirus, cherry virus A.

Complete genome sequence of currant latent virus (genus Cheravirus, family Secoviridae).

The complete nucleotide sequences of RNA1 and RNA2 of the Holandský červený strain of currant latent virus (CuLV) were determined using next-generation sequencing. The RNA1 is predicted to encode a polyprotein 2124 amino acid long with RdRp motifs. The RNA2 is predicted to encode a polyprotein 957 amino acid long with homology to the capsid protein of apple latent spherical virus and cherry rasp leaf virus.

Dodder transmission of phytoplasmas.

Transmission of phytoplasmas from naturally infected plant host species using the parasitic plant Cuscuta spp. (dodder) to Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) is an effective way to maintain a wide range of phytoplasmas for further research. Here, we describe transmission via dodder from an infected medicinal plant Rehmannia glutinosa var.

Antiviral activity of tenofovir against Cauliflower mosaic virus and its metabolism in Brassica pekinensis plants.

The antiviral effect of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate tenofovir (R)-PMPA on double-stranded DNA Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) in Brassica pekinensis plants grown in vitro on liquid medium was evaluated. Double antibody sandwich ELISA and PCR were used for relative quantification of viral protein and detecting nucleic acid in plants. (R)-PMPA at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/l significantly reduced CaMV titers in plants within 6-9 weeks to levels detectable neither by ELISA nor by PCR.

Complete genome sequences of blueberry red ringspot virus (Caulimoviridae) isolates from the Czech Republic and Slovenia.

Genomic DNA of blueberry red ringspot virus (genus Soymovirus, family Caulimoviridae) from highbush blueberry plants growing for years in the Czech Republic and Slovenia was sequenced. The circular dsDNA genomes consist of 8,303 and 8,299 nt, respectively, and contain eight open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 amino acids. The European isolates are 90% to 99% identical in aa sequences of distinct proteins.

Elucidation of the Roles of Blackcurrant reversion virus and Phytoplasma in the Etiology of Full Blossom Disease in Currants.

To determine the roles of phytoplasmas and Blackcurrant reversion virus (BRV) in the etiology of full blossom disease (FBD), we conducted graft and dodder transmission experiments. Scions from FBD-affected Ribes rubrum were grafted onto red currants, white currants, and black currants. Red and white cultivars revealed symptoms of FBD, whereas blackcurrant displayed symptoms of BRV.

Comparisons of the genetic structure of populations of Turnip mosaic virus in West and East Eurasia.

The genetic structure of populations of Turnip mosaic virus in Eurasia was assessed by making host range and gene sequence comparisons of 142 isolates. Most isolates collected in West Eurasia infected Brassica plants whereas those from East Eurasia infected both Brassica and Raphanus plants. Analyses of recombination sites (RSs) in five regions of the genome (one third of the full sequence) showed that the protein 1 (P1 gene) had recombined more frequently than the other gene regions in both subpopulations, but that the RSs were located in different parts of the genomes of the subpopulations.