Epichaperome-targeted myocardial imaging by I-PU-H71 PET.

Background: The small molecule radiotracer I-PU-H71 is an imaging biomarker of epichaperome formation. The tracer has been established to localize in tissues under chronic stress, specifically in cancer cells and neurodegenerative brain cells. A first-in-human imaging trial using positron emission tomography (PET) in cancer patients revealed unexpected tracer accumulation in the myocardium.

Online searches for hepatocellular carcinoma drugs mirror prescription trends across specialties and changes in guideline recommendations.

Background & Aims: The treatment options for systemically progressed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have significantly expanded in recent years. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of Google searches as a reflection of prescription rates for HCC drugs in the United States (US).

Methods: We conducted an in-depth analysis of US prescription data obtained from the IQVIA National Prescription Audit (NPA) and corresponding Google Trends data from January 2017 to December 2022.

Long-Term Prognostic Value of Rb PET/CT-Determined Myocardial Perfusion and Flow Reserve in Cancer Patients.

Myocardial flow reserve (MFR), derived from quantitative measurements of myocardial blood flow during PET imaging, provides prognostic information on patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but it is not known if this also applies to cancer patients with a competing risk for mortality. To determine the prognostic value of MFR in patients with cancer, we designed a retrospective cohort study comprising 221 patients with known or suspected CAD (median age, 71 y; range, 41-92 y) enrolled between June 2009 and January 2011. Most patients were referred for perioperative risk assessment.

Treatment Response and Clinical Outcomes of Well-Differentiated High-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors to Lutetium-177-DOTATATE.

Introduction: Lutetium-177 (177Lu)-DOTATATE received FDA approval in 2018 to treat somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Little data are available on response and outcomes for well-differentiated (WD) high-grade (HG) NETs treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE.

Materials And Methods: Patients with WD HG NETs treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE at MSK from 2018 to 2020 were identified.

Dickkopf-1 Can Lead to Immune Evasion in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with low androgen receptor (AR) and without neuroendocrine signaling, termed double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC), is increasingly prevalent in patients treated with AR signaling inhibitors and is in need of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Methods: Candidate genes enriched in DNPC were determined using differential gene expression analysis of discovery and validation cohorts of mCRPC biopsies. Laboratory studies were carried out in human mCRPC organoid cultures, prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines, and mouse xenograft models.

Immunomodulatory Activity of a Colony-stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Inhibitor in Patients with Advanced Refractory Breast or Prostate Cancer: A Phase I Study.

Purpose: Tumor-associated macrophages correlate with increased invasiveness, growth, and immunosuppression. Activation of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) results in proliferation, differentiation, and migration of monocytes/macrophages. This phase I study evaluated the immunologic and clinical activity, and safety profile of CSF-1R inhibition with the mAb LY3022855.

Temporal relationship between F-sodium fluoride uptake in the abdominal aorta and evolution of CT-verified vascular calcification.

Background: Fluoride-18 sodium fluoride (F-NaF) localizes in microcalcifications in atheroma. The microcalcifications may aggregate, passing the resolution threshold to visualize on computed tomography (CT). We evaluated serial NaF positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scans to determine the temporal relationship between vascular NaF uptake and CT evident calcification in the abdominal aorta.

Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of a [Zr]Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A Anti-STEAP1 Antibody in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients.

A six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-1 (STEAP1) is a newly identified target in prostate cancer. The use of radio-labeled STEAP1-targeting antibodies with positron emission tomography (PET) may allow for detection of sites of metastatic prostate cancer and may refine patient selection for antigen-directed therapies. This was a prospective study in seven patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who had at least one archival biopsy that was STEAP1-positive by immunohistochemistry.

Imaging Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A Anti-STEAP1 Antibody.

Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-1 (STEAP1) is a relatively newly identified target in prostate cancer. We evaluated the ability of PET/CT with Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A, an antibody that recognizes STEAP1, to detect lesions in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Nineteen mCRPC patients were prospectively imaged using approximately 185 MBq/10 mg of Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A.

Measuring the unmeasurable: automated bone scan index as a quantitative endpoint in prostate cancer clinical trials.

Background: Up to 90% of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) will have a distribution of disease that includes bone metastases demonstrated on a Technetium-99m (Tc-MDP) bone scan. The Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 and 3 Consensus Criteria standardized the criteria for assessing progression based on the development of new lesions. These criteria have been recognized by regulatory authorities for drug approval.

Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography-Based Assessments of Androgen Receptor Expression and Glycolytic Activity as a Prognostic Biomarker for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Androgen receptor-signaling inhibitor (ARSi) drugs prolong life in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but such tumors eventually become resistant and progress. Comprehensive positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging using fluoro-2-D-deoxyglucose F 18 ([18F]-FDG) for glycolysis (Glyc) and fluorodihydrotestosterone F 18 ([18F]-FDHT) for androgen receptor (AR) expression determine heterogeneity of imaging phenotypes, which may be useful in distinguishing patients who will benefit from ARSi drugs from those who need alternative treatments.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that PET/CT-based assessments of AR expression and glycolytic activity would reveal heterogeneity affecting prognosis.

The Precision of Hepatic Arterial Infusion Scintigraphy as a Quantitative Biomarker of Tumor Microvasculature.

Objective: Optimal clinical development of new cancer therapies targeting tumor vasculature requires new target-specific response assays. This clinical study examined the test-retest repeatability of SPECT as an in vivo assay of angiogenic hepatic tumor microvasculature using an intraarterial infusion of Tc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) delivered via a hepatic artery infusion (HAI) pump.

Materials And Methods: Patients with primary or secondary cancerous liver tumors with HAI pump-catheter implants placed for HAI chemotherapy underwent hepatic SPECT after separate arterial infusions of 37 and 185 MBq of Tc-MAA via an HAI pump.

Evaluation of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with Androgen Receptor-Axis Imaging.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the lethal form of prostate cancer, and more than 26,000 men will die from this disease in 2016. The pathophysiology of CRPC is clearly multifactorial, but most often, androgen receptor (AR) upregulation is associated with its earliest beginnings and the AR increase is part of the multimolecular complex including downstream effector proteins linked to AR (AR-axis) responsible for rapid proliferation and malignant features of the malignant cell. In both animal models and patients, glycolysis (Warburg effect) is also an early manifestation of CRPC transformation.

Predicting outcome in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma: role of [(18)f]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate whether [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) response of the primary tumor after induction chemotherapy predicts outcomes in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).

Methods And Materials: After excluding those with initial tumor resection, 107 patients who underwent FDG-PET after induction chemotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 2002 to 2013 were reviewed. Local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated according to FDG-PET response and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) at baseline (PET1/SUV1), after induction chemotherapy (PET2/SUV2), and after local therapy (PET3/SUV3).

Noncontrast perfusion single-photon emission CT/CT scanning: a new test for the expedited, high-accuracy diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism.

Background: Standard ventilation and perfusion (V˙/Q˙) scintigraphy uses planar images for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). To evaluate whether tomographic imaging improves the diagnostic accuracy of the procedure, we compared noncontrast perfusion single-photon emission CT (Q˙-SPECT)/CT scans with planar V˙/Q˙scans in patients at high risk for PE.

Methods: Between 2006 and 2010, most patients referred for diagnosis of PE underwent both Q˙-SPECT/CT scan and planar V˙/Q˙scintigraphy.

Bone metastases in castration-resistant prostate cancer: associations between morphologic CT patterns, glycolytic activity, and androgen receptor expression on PET and overall survival.

Purpose: To compare the features of bone metastases at computed tomography (CT) to tracer uptake at fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorine 18 16β-fluoro-5-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT) PET and to determine associations between these imaging features and overall survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of 38 patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Two readers independently evaluated CT, FDG PET, and FDHT PET features of bone metastases.

Phase I study of ARN-509, a novel antiandrogen, in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Purpose: ARN-509 is a novel androgen receptor (AR) antagonist for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ARN-509 inhibits AR nuclear translocation and AR binding to androgen response elements and, unlike bicalutamide, does not exhibit agonist properties in the context of AR overexpression. This first-in-human phase I study assessed safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of ARN-509 in men with metastatic CRPC.

Pancreatic involvement in neuroblastoma with radiologic-pathologic correlation: a single-institution experience.

Objective: Pancreatic involvement in neuroblastoma is extremely rare, with few cases reported in the literature. We present imaging findings of pancreatic involvement in neuroblastoma with clinical and pathologic correlation in the largest documented series to date.

Subjects And Methods: We prospectively reported pancreatic involvement evident on multimodality imaging in neuroblastoma patients presenting to our institution from 1997 to 2011.

Molecular imaging of prostate cancer.

Purpose Of Review: Prostate cancer is a complex and biologically heterogeneous disease that is not adequately assessed with conventional imaging alone. Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) is poised to fill this unmet need through noninvasive probing of the multiple molecular and cellular processes that are active in prostate cancer patients.

Recent Findings: Several PET tracers are active in early-stage and late-stage prostate cancer in humans.

Positron emission tomography (PET) evaluation after initial chemotherapy and radiation therapy predicts local control in rhabdomyosarcoma.

Purpose: 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) is already an integral part of staging in rhabdomyosarcoma. We investigated whether primary-site treatment response characterized by serial PET imaging at specific time points can be correlated with local control.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively examined 94 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma who received initial chemotherapy 15 weeks (median) before radiotherapy and underwent baseline, preradiation, and postradiation PET.

A novel automated platform for quantifying the extent of skeletal tumour involvement in prostate cancer patients using the Bone Scan Index.

Background: There is little consensus on a standard approach to analysing bone scan images. The Bone Scan Index (BSI) is predictive of survival in patients with progressive prostate cancer (PCa), but the popularity of this metric is hampered by the tedium of the manual calculation.

Objective: Develop a fully automated method of quantifying the BSI and determining the clinical value of automated BSI measurements beyond conventional clinical and pathologic features.