Publications by authors named "Josee Dupuis"

Importance: In patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), baseline pupillary assessment is common. However, the incidence and frequency of pupil abnormalities within the first several days remain poorly characterized.

Objectives: Our aim was to test the association between pupil abnormality frequency over the first 72 hours of admission and clinical outcomes.

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  • Accelerated decline in lung function is linked to chronic respiratory diseases, and while genetics play a role, few genetic connections have been found.
  • This study aimed to investigate genetic variants associated with lung function decline using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) across diverse populations in multiple cohorts.
  • They identified 361 significant genetic variants potentially related to lung function declines, with some replicated in additional cohorts, indicating strong genetic influences on respiratory health.
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  • A study was conducted to investigate the X-chromosome's role in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), which had been overlooked in previous genome-wide association studies.
  • The research included 115,841 AD cases and 613,671 controls, considering different X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) states in females.
  • While no strong genetic risk factors for AD were found on the X-chromosome, seven significant loci were identified, suggesting areas for future research.
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  • * A study identified a strong link between Native American ancestry and an increased risk of MeN, while certain genetic variants were found to significantly reduce the odds of developing the disease.
  • * Findings suggest that genetic differences in sensitivity to heat and dehydration contribute to the prevalence of kidney disease in these workers, highlighting both environmental and genetic factors.
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Classical gene-by-environment interaction (GxE) analysis can be used to characterize genetic effect heterogeneity but has a high multiple testing burden in the context of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We adapt a colocalization method, SharePro, to account for effect heterogeneity in fine-mapping and identify candidates for GxE analysis with reduced multiple testing burden. SharePro demonstrates improved power for both fine-mapping and GxE analysis compared to existing methods as well as well-controlled false type I error in simulations.

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  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common hereditary disorder affecting the elderly, and this study explored its genetic associations using whole genome sequencing data from 13,371 individuals of various ancestries.
  • The researchers found significant genetic variants related to AD, including those at APOE, BIN1, and a specific haplotype on chromosome 14 (PSEN1) in Hispanic populations, alongside variants in LINC00320 in Black individuals.
  • The study highlights the importance of both pooled and subgroup-specific analyses in understanding the complex genetic architecture of AD, revealing rare non-coding variants in the promoter of TOMM40 unrelated to APOE.
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Background: Lung function declines over the course of adulthood; however, a consensus on the normal range of decline in an individual's lung function is lacking.

Research Question: What is the normal range and the upper limit of normal (ULN) decline in lung function in adults without prior tobacco use, occupational dust exposure, or a known diagnosis or symptoms of cardiopulmonary disease?

Study Design And Methods: A retrospective analysis of healthy individuals who have never smoked (N = 1,305) from the Framingham Heart Study with repeated lung function meeting standards for acceptability and reproducibility was conducted. Longitudinal change was derived using a linear mixed effects model and estimated to a 6-year interval.

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  • Genome-wide association studies have found numerous genetic loci linked to glycemic traits, but connecting these loci to specific genes and biological pathways remains a challenge.
  • Researchers conducted meta-analyses of exome-array studies across four glycemic traits, analyzing data from over 144,000 participants, which led to the identification of coding variant associations in more than 60 genes.
  • The study revealed significant pathways related to insulin secretion, zinc transport, and fatty acid metabolism, enhancing understanding of glycemic regulation and making data available for further research.
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Background: Life-threatening, space-occupying mass effect due to cerebral edema and/or hemorrhagic transformation is an early complication of patients with middle cerebral artery stroke. Little is known about longitudinal trajectories of laboratory and vital signs leading up to radiographic and clinical deterioration related to this mass effect.

Methods: We curated a retrospective data set of 635 patients with large middle cerebral artery stroke totaling 95,463 data points for 10 longitudinal covariates and 40 time-independent covariates.

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  • Inflammation biomarkers offer crucial insights into the inflammatory processes linked to various diseases, and their sequencing can help reveal the genetic makeup of these traits.
  • A study analyzed 21 inflammation biomarkers from around 38,465 individuals, discovering 22 significant associations across 6 inflammatory traits after considering existing findings.
  • The research combined single-variant and rare variant analyses, identifying additional significant associations and highlighting the complexity and diversity of genetic influences on inflammation traits across different ancestries.
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  • Space occupying cerebral edema is a serious complication after large ischemic strokes, particularly with middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, affecting about 30% of patients and peaking 2-4 days post-injury.
  • This study analyzed data from patients with midline shift (MLS) to determine the impact of when edema peaks—acute (<48 hours), average (48-96 hours), and subacute (>96 hours)—on patient discharge outcomes.
  • Results showed that patients with subacute peak edema had better odds of favorable discharge compared to those with earlier edema peaks, indicating that timing of edema may influence treatment strategies and recovery expectations.
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Historically, investigators have not differentiated between patients with and without hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in large core ischemic stroke at risk for life-threatening mass effect (LTME) from cerebral edema. Our objective was to determine whether LTME occurs faster in those with HT compared to those without. We conducted a two-center retrospective study of patients with ≥ 1/2 MCA territory infarct between 2006 and 2021.

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Motivation: Colocalization analysis is commonly used to assess whether two or more traits share the same genetic signals identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and is important for prioritizing targets for functional follow-up of GWAS results. Existing colocalization methods can have suboptimal performance when there are multiple causal variants in one genomic locus.

Results: We propose SharePro to extend the COLOC framework for colocalization analysis.

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  • The study aimed to find genetic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) through a genome-wide association approach.
  • Out of 49,230 T2D participants, 8,956 experienced incident CVD events, revealing three new genetic loci associated with increased CVD risk and confirming five known coronary artery disease variants.
  • The findings suggest both novel and established genetic factors contribute to CVD risk in T2D patients, highlighting the importance of genetic screening in this population.
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  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have pinpointed regions of the genome linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but they haven't revealed specific causal genes or variations within those regions.
  • By analyzing whole genome sequencing (WGS) data, researchers aimed to identify rare genetic variations that may be responsible for AD traits.
  • The study found 17 significant variants associated with AD, implicating several genes, including OARD1/NFYA/TREML1 and KAT8, highlighting the effectiveness of using WGS to clarify GWAS findings.
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Background: Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in serum has a positive association with pulmonary function. Investigating genome-wide interactions with 25(OH)D may reveal new biological insights into pulmonary function.

Objectives: We aimed to identify novel genetic variants associated with pulmonary function by accounting for 25(OH)D interactions.

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Body mass index (BMI) is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The effect of genetic variants aggregated into a polygenic score may elucidate the causal mechanisms and predict risk. To examine the associations of genetically predicted BMI with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in COPD.

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  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease influenced by various genetic factors and molecular mechanisms that vary by cell type and ancestry.
  • In a large study involving over 2.5 million individuals, researchers identified 1,289 significant genetic associations linked to T2D, including 145 new loci not previously reported.
  • The study categorized T2D signals into eight distinct clusters based on their connections to cardiometabolic traits and showed that these genetic profiles are linked to vascular complications, emphasizing the role of obesity-related processes across different ancestry groups.
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Background: Recent studies have shown that follow-up head CT is a strong predictor of functional outcomes in patients with middle cerebral artery stroke and mechanical thrombectomy. We sought to determine whether total and/or regional follow-up Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) are associated with important clinical outcomes during hospitalization and improve the performance of clinical prediction models of potentially lethal malignant edema (PLME).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients at three medical centers in a major North American metropolitan area with baseline and follow-up head CTs after large middle cerebral artery stroke between 2006 and 2022.

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Although chronic low-grade inflammation does not cause immediate clinical symptoms, over the longer term, it can enhance other insults or age-dependent damage to organ systems and thereby contribute to age-related disorders, such as respiratory disorders, heart disease, metabolic disorders, autoimmunity, and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms governing low-level inflammation are largely unknown. We discovered that Bcl-2-interacting killer (Bik) deficiency causes low-level inflammation even at baseline and the development of spontaneous emphysema in female but not male mice.

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Background: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is defined as a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) <80% predicted and FEV/forced vital capacity ≥0.70. PRISm is associated with respiratory symptoms and comorbidities.

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Background: Life-threatening, space-occupying mass effect due to cerebral edema and/or hemorrhagic transformation is an early complication of patients with middle cerebral artery () stroke. Little is known about longitudinal trajectories of laboratory and vital signs leading up to radiographic and clinical deterioration related to this mass effect.

Methods: We curated a granular retrospective dataset of 635 patients with large middle cerebral artery () stroke totaling 108,547 data points for repeated measurements of 10 covariates, and 40 time-independent covariates.

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Background: Prior studies using the ADSP data examined variants within presenilin-2 (PSEN2), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), and amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes. However, previously-reported clinically-relevant variants and other predicted damaging missense (DM) variants have not been characterized in a newer release of the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP).

Objective: To characterize previously-reported clinically-relevant variants and DM variants in PSEN2, PSEN1, APP within the participants from the ADSP.

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Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. The mechanisms by which IR predisposes to AD are not well-understood. Epigenetic studies may help identify molecular signatures of IR associated with AD, thus improving our understanding of the biological and regulatory mechanisms linking IR and AD.

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