Analysis of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacilli in wild and exotic healthy birds in Brazil: A warning sign.

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a public health problem affecting humans and animals. This study focuses on identifying Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) (MALDI-TOF MS and Klebsiella MALDI TypeR) resistant to antimicrobials in freshly emitted feces of healthy captive and rescued wild birds from a zoo in Brazil. Birds from the zoo and rescued from sixteen different orders were investigated.

The rise of multidrug resistant Salmonella isolates in healthy chickens in Brazil by successful establishment of plasmid IncHI2A carrying several antibiotic resistance genes.

Salmonella spp. is an important global issue in food-producing animals. The present study evaluated antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles in Salmonella spp.

Different virulence genetic context of multidrug-resistant CTX-M- and KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from cerebrospinal fluid.

Information regarding resistance and virulence traits of meningitis-causing enterobacteria in hospital environment remains scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize virulence and acquired resistance genes of carbapenem-resistant and/or 3rd to 4th generation cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of inpatients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion.

The plasmidome of multidrug-resistant emergent Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry.

The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide. The understanding of the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches is providing valuable insights into the genetic basis of the horizontal gene transfer and the emergence of the antibiotic resistance threat. This ultimately can offer vital clues to the development of coordinated efforts to implement new policies to continue fighting against bacterial infections.

Extensively drug-resistant IMP-16-producing Pseudomonas monteilii isolated from cerebrospinal fluid.

IMP-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa was first reported in Japan and since then, bacteria with this metallo-β-lactamase have been detected worldwide. Pseudomonas monteilii (part of P. putida group) were considered an environmental pathogen with low virulence potential; however, multidrug-resistant and carbapenem-resistant P.

Emergent multidrug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry in Brazil coharboring bla and qnrB or bla in large plasmids.

The number of foodborne gastroenteritis caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) worldwide is estimated to be 80.3 million each year. Currently, antimicrobial-resistant NTS disseminated in the animal environment increases the risk of aggravated foodborne outbreaks.

Antibiotic resistance and heavy metal tolerance plasmids: the antimicrobial bulletproof properties of isolated from poultry.

We describe the mobilome of 40A isolated from poultry, consisting of four different plasmids, p46_40A (IncX1, 45,869 bp), p80_40A (non-typable, 79,635 bp), p150_40A (IncI1-ST1, 148,340 bp) and p280_40A (IncHI2A-ST2, 279,537 bp). The mobilome-40A carries a blend of several different resistance and virulence genes, heavy metal tolerance operons and conjugation system. This mobilome 40A is a perfect tool to preserve and disseminate antimicrobial resistance and makes the bacterial isolate incredibly adapted to survive under constant antimicrobial pressure.

Evaluation of heavy metal tolerance genes in plasmids harbored in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from poultry in Brazil.

The emergence and spread of bacteria tolerant to heavy metal ions used in disinfectants have become a new threat to antimicrobial therapies. In this study, metal tolerance genes were analyzed in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae isolated from chickens in Brazil. Different tolerance genes were found disseminated among the MDR isolates.

Virulence potential of commensal multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from poultry in Brazil.

There is an increasing number of reports worldwide about multidrug resistance (MDR) with potential of ExPEC in commensal E. coli. The present study evaluated the potential ExPEC in selected 44 MDR E.

Virulence genes, capsular and plasmid types of multidrug-resistant CTX-M(-2, -8, -15) and KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from four major hospitals in Brazil.

We performed a single-month snapshot study of the population diversity of multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing carbapenemases and/or extended-spectrum β-lactamases from four major hospitals in Brazil. Isolates produced diverse ESBL (CTX-M-2, -8, -15, SHV-2), KPC-2 or both (CTX-M-2 and KPC-2), linked to specific genetic backgrounds and plasmids from a few families (IncR, IncFIIk, IncL/M) that were shared among clonal lineages within and between hospitals. A high clonal diversity was identified, among isolates from the same ST (ST11, ST15, ST101 or ST340).

Identification and characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from healthy poultry in Brazil.

The expression of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes confers low-level quinolone and fluoroquinolones resistance alone. However, the association to chromosomal resistance mechanisms determines an expressively higher resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. These mechanisms are horizontally disseminated within plasmids and have contributed to the emergence of bacteria with reduced susceptibility or resistant to therapies worldwide.

Diversity of plasmids harboring bla in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from poultry in Brazil.

Multidrug-resistance (MDR) has been increasingly reported in Gram-negative bacteria from the intestinal microbiota, environment and food-producing animals. Resistance plasmids able to harbor different transposable elements are capable to mobilize antimicrobial resistance genes and transfer to other bacterial hosts. Plasmids carrying bla are frequently associated with MDR.

Evaluation and characterization of plasmids carrying CTX-M genes in a non-clonal population of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry in Brazil.

The increasing presence of ESBL-producing bacteria in food-producing animals might impact on public health. In this study, ESBL-producing enterobacteria were investigated in the microbiota of chickens produced in Brazil. We detected blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8 and blaCTX-M-15 in 13 Escherichia coli isolates, within 9 different PFGE-types.

FREQUENCY OF Candida SPECIES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN TRIANGULO MINEIRO, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL.

Infections by Candida species are a high-impact problem in public health due to their wide incidence in hospitalized patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate frequency, susceptibility to antifungals, and genetic polymorphism of Candida species isolated from clinical specimens of hospitalized patients. The Candida isolates included in this study were obtained from blood cultures, abdominal fluids, and central venous catheters (CVC) of hospitalized patients at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia during the period of July 2010 - June 2011.

Prior oropharyngeal colonization and ventilator-associated pneumonia.

This study evaluated the relationship between previous colonization of the oropharynx and development of ventilator-associated pneumonia through the classification of genomic fingerprint pattern by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of both oxacillin-resistant and oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from hospitalized patients in an intensive care unit.

IncI1/ST113 and IncI1/ST114 conjugative plasmids carrying blaCTX-M-8 in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry in Brazil.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from poultry in Brazil showed blaCTX-M-8 gene. IS10 was found upstream of blaCTX-M-8, harbored on plasmids IncI1, ST113/ST114 subtypes. Genomic relationship revealed a heterogeneous E.

Comparison of primers for RAPD-PCR from environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus albidus and Cryptococcus laurentii complex.

Various organisms have been characterized by molecular methods, including fungi of the genus Cryptococcus. The purposes of this study were: to determine the discriminatory potential of the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers, the pattern of similarity of the Cryptococcus species, and discuss their useful application in epidemiological studies. We analyzed 10 isolates of each specie/group: C.

Virulence attributes and genetic variability of oral Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis isolates.

The wide spectrum of candidiasis and its clinical importance encourage the research with the purpose of clarifying the mechanisms of pathogenicity and identification of virulence factors of Candida sp. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the adhesion capacity, protease activity and genotypic diversity of oral C. albicans and C.

Dissemination of blaKPC-2 by the spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae clonal complex 258 clones (ST258, ST11, ST437) and plasmids (IncFII, IncN, IncL/M) among Enterobacteriaceae species in Brazil.

This article reports the spread of bla(KPC-2) in the Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states, facilitated by globally spread K. pneumoniae clonal complex 258 (CC258) clones (ST258, ST11, and ST437) and a diversity of plasmids (IncFII, IncN, and IncL/M, two untypeable plasmids carrying Tn4401a or Tn4401b) successfully disseminated among species of the Enterobacteriaceae (Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, and Citrobacter freundii). It also constitutes the first description of sequence type 258 (ST258) in Brazil, which was associated with a nosocomial hospital outbreak in Ribeirao Preto city.

Biotype stability of Candida albicans isolates after culture storage determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and phenotypical methods.

Typing methods to evaluate isolates in relation to their phenotypical and molecular characteristics are essential in epidemiological studies. In this study, Candida albicans biotypes were determined before and after storage in order to verify their stability. Twenty C.

Nosocomial outbreak by imipenem-resistant metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an adult intensive care unit in a Brazilian teaching hospital.

Objective: To describe an outbreak of imipenem-resistant metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enzyme type bla, by horizontal transmission in patients admitted to a mixed adult ICU.

Methods: A case-control study was carried out, including 47 patients (cases) and 122 patients (control) admitted to the mixed ICU of a university hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil from November 2003 to July 2005. The infection site, risk factors, mortality, antibiotic susceptibility, metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production, enzyme type, and clonal diversity were analyzed.