and Sequence Variations in Brazilian Asthmatic Patients.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory condition, characterized by variable airflow limitation, leading to clinical symptoms such as dyspnea and chest tightness. These symptoms result from an underlying inflammatory process. The β2 agonists are bronchodilators prescribed for the relief of the disease.

Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict the use of renal replacement therapy in 14,374 patients with COVID-19.

Purpose: To develop a model to predict the use of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in COVID-19 patients.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of multicenter cohort of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions of Brazil involving COVID-19 critically adult patients, requiring ventilatory support, admitted to 126 Brazilian ICUs, from February 2020 to December 2021 (development) and January to May 2022 (validation). No interventions were performed.

Serum from patients with asthma potentiates macrophage phagocytosis and human mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in experimental allergic asthma.

Background/aims: Although several studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit beneficial immunomodulatory properties in preclinical models of allergic asthma, effects on airway remodeling have been controversial. Recent evidence has shown that MSCs modify their in vivo immunomodulatory actions depending on the specific inflammatory environment encountered. Accordingly, we assessed whether the therapeutic properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) could be potentiated by conditioning these cells with serum (hMSC-serum) obtained from patients with asthma and then transplanted in an experimental model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma.

Telemedicine Support for Primary Care Providers versus Usual Care in Patients with Heart Failure: Protocol of a Pragmatic Cluster Randomised Trial within the Brazilian Heart Insufficiency with Telemedicine (BRAHIT) Study.

Heart failure is a prevalent condition and a frequent cause of hospital readmissions and poor quality of life. Teleconsultation support from cardiologists to primary care physicians managing patients with heart failure may improve care, but the effect on patient-relevant outcomes is unclear. We aim to evaluate whether collaboration through a novel teleconsultation platform in the Brazilian Heart Insufficiency with Telemedicine (BRAHIT) project, tested on a previous feasibility study, can improve patient-relevant outcomes.

Gait speed, muscle strength, and functional status predict 30-day unplanned hospital readmission of critical care survivors.

Background And Purpose: Despite intense efforts, predicting hospital readmission risks remains an imprecise task. Growing evidence suggests that unmeasured patient-related factors, such as functional impairment, seem to be strongly associated with acute readmission and have yet to be extensively explored. We hypothesized that gait speed, hand grip strength, and the Functional independence measure (FIM) might be associated with acute rehospitalization rates after an ICU stay.

The five times sit-to-stand test: safety, validity and reliability with critical care survivors's at ICU discharge.

Background: The Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST) has been found reliable, safe and valid for measuring healthy adults' lower limb muscle strength and for determining balance control, fall risk, and exercise capacity among older examinees. We believe that the FTSST has the potential to be a straightforward, low cost and valuable tool for identifying muscle disability and functional status following critical illness. The aim of our study was to establish the applicability, safety, and psychometric qualities of FTSST in patients at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) discharge.

Thesis and dissertations examining tuberculosis in Brazil between 2013 and 2019: an overview.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health problem, with approximately 10 million new cases reported annually. Knowledge about the quantitative evolution of theses and dissertations (T&Ds) examining human TB in Brazil can contribute to generating strategic planning for training professionals in this field and disease control. Therefore, this study highlights the role of T&Ds on TB in national scientific disclosures.

Recurrent WWTR1 S89W mutations and Hippo pathway deregulation in clear cell carcinomas of the cervix.

Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the cervix (cCCC) is a rare and aggressive type of human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative cervical cancer with limited effective treatment options for recurrent or metastatic disease. Historically, CCCs of the lower genital tract were associated with in utero diethylstilbestrol exposure; however, the genetic landscape of sporadic cCCCs remains unknown. Here we sought to define the molecular underpinning of cCCCs.

Perceptions of plagiarism among PhDs across the sciences, engineering, humanities, and arts: Results from a national survey in Brazil.

Plagiarism allegations are not rare in the history of science, and credit for prior work was and continues to be a source of disputes, involving notions of priority of discovery and of plagiarism. However, consensus over what constitutes plagiarism among scientists from different fields cannot be taken for granted. We conducted a national survey exploring perceptions of plagiarism among PhD holders registered in the database of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development.

Rapid On-Site Evaluation by Endosonographer of Endoscopic Ultrasound Fine-Needle Aspiration of Solid Pancreatic Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) by cytopathologists during endoscopic ultrasound-fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs) improves adequacy and diagnostic accuracy while reducing the number of needle passes. We evaluated the usefulness of ROSE performed by the endosonographer.

Methods: Patients with an SPL were randomly assigned to EUS-FNA with ROSE or non-ROSE.

Safety and effectiveness of bronchial thermoplasty after 10 years in patients with persistent asthma (BT10+): a follow-up of three randomised controlled trials.

Background: Bronchial thermoplasty is an endoscopic treatment for uncontrolled asthma. Previous randomised clinical trials have shown that bronchial thermoplasty reduces severe exacerbations in people with asthma. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of bronchial thermoplasty beyond 5 years is unknown.

Increased Frequency of Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Individuals With Previously Treated Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis.

Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) occurs with increased frequency in persons with underlying immunodeficiency. Even after recovery from acute illness, differences in immune phenotype and activation persist. Studies defining characteristics of immune responses after recovery from extrapulmonary TB may provide insights into factors that increase TB risk.

An Uncommon Lung Neoplasm in a Young Patient: Diagnostic Challenges.

BACKGROUND Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung (ASC) is a rare subtype of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), histologically defined by the presence of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma components. This aggressive malignancy has been rarely described in young female patients. Due to its low incidence and difficult-to-establish preoperative diagnosis, little is known about the complete clinical course for young patients with this specific NSCLC subtype.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration versus mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging of lung cancer: A systematic review of economic evaluation studies.

Introduction: The emergence of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) changed the approach to staging lung cancer. As a new method being incorporated, the use of EBUS may lead to a shift in clinical and costs outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to gather information to better understand the economic impact of implementing EBUS.

Oncogenic properties and signaling basis of the PAX8-GLIS3 fusion gene.

Hyalinizing trabecular tumors of the thyroid are rare and mostly benign epithelial neoplasms of follicular cell origin, which have recently been shown to be underpinned by the PAX8-GLIS3 fusion gene. In our study, we sought to investigate the potential oncogenic mechanisms of the PAX8-GLIS3 fusion gene. Forced expression of PAX8-GLIS3 was found to increase proliferation, clonogenic potential and migration of human nonmalignant thyroid (Nthy-ori 3-1) and embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells.

Relationship of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury and genetic polymorphisms in CYP2E1 and GST.

Setting: Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) can result in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) since hepatotoxic metabolites are formed during the biotransformation of isoniazid (INH). DILI can be related to the genetic profile of the patient. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2E1 gene and GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms have been associated with adverse events caused by INH.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration versus mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging of lung cancer: A protocol for a systematic review of economic evaluation studies.

Background: Lung cancer is a major health problem, with estimates of 1.6 million tumor-related deaths annually worldwide. The emergence of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), a minimally invasive procedure capable of providing valuable information for primary tumor diagnosis and mediastinal staging, significantly changed the approach of pulmonary cancer, becoming part of the routine mediastinal evaluation of lung cancer in developed countries.