Nicotinamide riboside kinases regulate skeletal muscle fiber-type specification and are rate-limiting for metabolic adaptations during regeneration.

Nicotinamide riboside kinases (NRKs) control the conversion of dietary Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) to NAD, but little is known about their contribution to endogenous NAD turnover and muscle plasticity during skeletal muscle growth and remodeling. Using NRK1/2 double KO (NRKdKO) mice, we investigated the influence of NRKs on NAD metabolism and muscle homeostasis, and on the response to neurogenic muscle atrophy and regeneration following muscle injury. Muscles from NRKdKO animals have altered nicotinamide (NAM) salvage and a decrease in mitochondrial content.

Nicotinamide riboside kinase 1 protects against diet and age-induced pancreatic β-cell failure.

Objective: Disturbances in NAD metabolism have been described as a hallmark for multiple metabolic and age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes. While alterations in pancreatic β-cell function are critical determinants of whole-body glucose homeostasis, the role of NAD metabolism in the endocrine pancreas remains poorly explored. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of nicotinamide riboside (NR) metabolism in maintaining NAD levels and pancreatic β-cell function in pathophysiological conditions.

Nicotinamide Riboside and Dihydronicotinic Acid Riboside Synergistically Increase Intracellular NAD by Generating Dihydronicotinamide Riboside.

Through evolution, eukaryote organisms have developed the ability to use different molecules as independent precursors to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an essential molecule for life. However, whether these different precursors act in an additive or complementary manner is not truly well understood. Here, we have evaluated how combinations of different NAD precursors influence intracellular NAD levels.

Reduced graphene oxide decorated with magnetite nanoparticles enhance biomethane enrichment.

The addition of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and reduced graphene oxide decorated with magnetite nanoparticles (rGO-MNPs) was evaluated during biomethane enrichment process. rGO-MNPs presented the highest beneficial impact on the hydrogenotrophic assays with an improvement of 47 % in CH production. The improvement was linked to the increase of the electron shuttling capacity (ESC) by rGO-MNPs addition, which boosted the hydrogenotrophic activity of microorganisms, to the rGO and rGO-MNPs, which served as reservoirs of hydrogen, improving H⁠ transport from the gas to the liquid phase, and to the iron ions released, which acted as a dietary supply for microorganisms.

Elective and emergent laparotomy closure: The importance of protocolizing the technique.

Background: Incisional hernias are a frequent complication, and their prevention includes proper closure of the abdominal wall.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted at a third-level hospital after the introduction of a midline laparotomy closure protocol. An objective measurement of the suture length to incision length ratio was made.

Factors associated with low anterior resection syndrome after surgical treatment of rectal cancer.

Aim: To assess factors independently associated with low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) following resection or rectal cancer.

Method: Cross-sectional study carried out in two acute-care teaching hospitals in Barcelona, Spain. Patients who had undergone sphincter preserving low anterior resection with curative intent, with total or partial mesorectal excision (with and without protective ileostomy) between January 2001 and December 2009 completed a self-administered questionnaire to assess bowel dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery.

Preventing Parastomal Hernia Using a Modified Sugarbaker Technique With Composite Mesh During Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Resection: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the reduction in the incidence of parastomal hernia (PH) after placement of prophylactic synthetic mesh using a modified Sugarbaker technique when a permanent end-colostomy is needed.

Summary Of Background Data: Prevention of PH formation is crucial given the high prevalence of PH and difficulties in the surgical repair of PH.

Methods: A randomized, prospective, double-blind, and controlled trial.

Low anterior resection syndrome: a survey of the members of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), the Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC), and the Spanish Society of Coloproctology (AECP).

Background: Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is frequent following sphincter-sparing procedures for rectal cancer.

Objective: This study aims to assess surgeons' awareness of LARS.

Design: This was a survey study.

Laparoscopy-assisted versus open colectomy for treatment of colon cancer in the elderly: morbidity and mortality outcomes in 545 patients.

Background: Advanced age is a risk factor of major abdominal surgery due to diminished functional reserve and increased comorbidity. Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy is a well-established procedure in colon cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to compare early outcome of elective laparoscopy surgery and open colectomy in colon cancer patients according to age.

Ultralow anterior resection with mechanical anastomosis in the treatment of distal third rectal cancer.

Tumors of the lower third of the rectum are a challenge for the surgeon. Among the various techniques of surgical treatment of these lesions, radical surgery and ultra low anterior anastomosis is one of the therapeutic options. This technique is a defy both in the evaluation of the potential patient as in the surgical technique.

Yeast, beef and pork extracts counteract Clostridium difficile toxin A enterotoxicity.

Clostridium difficile is responsible for a large proportion of nosocomial cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis. The present study provides evidence that yeast, beef and pork extracts, ingredients commonly used to grow bacteria, can counteract C. difficile toxin A enterotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.

Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy with UFT and Leucovorin in patients with advanced rectal cancer: a phase II study.

Purpose: The aim this study was to determine the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate defined as tumor regression grade 1 (TRG1) and toxicity profile of the combination of high-dose pre-operative radiotherapy and simultaneous UFT/leucovorin (LV) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Materials/methods: Eligibility included biopsy proven rectal adenocarcinoma; T3-T4 N0-N2; performance status < 2 (ECOG) and adequate blood, hepatic and renal function. Treatment consisted of radiotherapy 54 Gy at 1.

Multimedia article. Laparoscopic-assisted rectosigmoidectomy with ileal loop interposition. Surgical treatment of chagasic megacolon.

Background: Chagas disease is a frequent cause of acquired megacolon in several countries of Latin America. Several procedures have been described to treat this condition. Recently a report of 147 patients treated with an open rectosigmoidectomy with an ileal loop interposition showed a low rate of complications (8.

Chicory increases acetate turnover, but not propionate and butyrate peripheral turnovers in rats.

Chicory roots are rich in inulin that is degraded into SCFA in the caecum and colon. Whole-body SCFA metabolism was investigated in rats during food deprivation and postprandial states. After 22 h of food deprivation, sixteen rats received an IV injection of radioactive 14C-labelled SCFA.

[Retrorectal tumors in adults. Experience in five cases].

The most frequent tumors that grow in the retrorectal space are embryological. Their management requires adequate knowledge of the characteristics of these lesions. We present five cases of retrorectal tumors.

Prospective, randomised study on antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal surgery. Is it really necessary to use oral antibiotics?

Background And Aims: The use of prophylactic antibiotics in addition to mechanical cleansing is the current standard of care prior to colonic surgery. The question of whether the antibiotics should be administered intravenously or orally, or by both routes, remains controversial. Our aim was to compare three methods of prophylactic antibiotic administration in elective colorectal surgery.

[Predictors of survival in patients with myasthenia gravis and thymoma].

Background And Objective: Myasthenia Gravis (MG) and Thymoma have different clinical evolutions and survival. There are few studies grying to describe the prognosis factors in patients with both thymoma and MG. We have evaluated all patients with thymoma and associated MG who were treated in our unit in order to identify possible predictors of survival.