The synthesis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy cultures of IL-7, IL-16 and IL-18 is significantly associated with acute rejection in kidney transplants.

Background: T-cell activation, the key event in the development of acute allograft rejection, depends on co-stimulatory signals delivered by antigen-presenting cells (APC). APC-derived cytokines may provide co-stimulation and modulate alloimmune reaction. We have studied cytokine synthesis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) culture and we found significant differences for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, M-CSF and IL-1ra on comparing acute rejection versus stable kidney transplant patients.

Ethnicity and type 2 diabetes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with a review of the prevalence of the disease in Amerindians.

To what extent can ethnic factors contribute to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in an urban Brazilian population? Conversely, how can environmental factors such as diet change these prevalences in a given ethnic group, in this case Brazilian Indians? To answer these questions estimates of ethnic admixture in Afro- and Euro-Brazilians from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were established using eight genetic systems and compared with the prevalences of these conditions obtained previously. This information was integrated with results obtained inside and outside of Brazil. The similarity of prevalences for type 2 diabetes and IGT in Afro- and Euro-Brazilians may be related to the extensive gene flow that occurred between them and to similar socioeconomic levels in the samples investigated.

[Relationship between iodized salt and urinary iodine excretion in school children, Brazil].

Objective: To evaluate iodine parameters in iodized salt for human consumption and urine excretion of primary school children of two private and public schools.

Methods: Urine samples of primary school students in a Southeastern urban area, Brazil, were collected, as well as samples of salt for human consumption used at their homes. Iodine level in urine and salt samples were measured to establish a correlation between the iodine concentration in the urine and salt samples.

Cultures of kidney transplant fine-needle aspiration samples from rejection-free patients produce a specific antidonor response suppressive factor.

Background/aims: Growth of T cell lines from kidney graft biopsy specimens that suppress the antidonor response, either directly or through a soluble factor, both specific and nonspecific to donor, has been reported. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy sample cultures synthesize a large array of cytokines/chemokines with significant differences between stable versus acute rejection transplants. We hypothesize that the products of such cultures may be endowed with antidonor response modulation abilities in kidney transplantation.