Cross-sectional imaging of pancreatic leak: a pictorial review.

Pancreatic leaks occur when a disruption in the pancreatic ductal system results in the leakage of pancreatic enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases into the abdominal cavity. While often associated with pancreatic surgical procedures, trauma and necrotizing pancreatitis are also common culprits. Cross-sectional imaging, particularly computed tomography, plays a crucial role in assessing postoperative conditions and identifying both early and late complications, including pancreatic leaks.

Mitral Annular Disease at Cardiac MRI: What to Know and Look For.

Accurate evaluation of the mitral valve (MV) apparatus is essential for understanding the mechanisms of MV disease across various clinical scenarios. The mitral annulus (MA) is a complex and crucial structure that supports MV function; however, conventional imaging techniques have limitations in fully capturing the entirety of the MA. Moreover, recognizing annular changes might aid in identifying patients who may benefit from advanced cardiac imaging and interventions.

28-day prognostic value of coronary artery calcification burden in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Background: From pathophysiological mechanisms to risk stratification, much debate and discussion persist regarding the coronary artery disease as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of coronary artery calcification (CAC) burden by non-gated chest computed tomography (CT) for the prediction of 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: Consecutive critically ill adult patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 admitted to ICU who underwent non-contrast non-gated chest CT performed for pneumonia assessment between March and June 2020 (n ​= ​768) were identified.

Hospital admission and mortality rates for non-COVID-19 respiratory diseases in Brazil's public health system during the covid-19 pandemic: a nationwide observational study.

Objective: To assess the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions (HA), intra-hospital deaths (HD), and intra-hospital lethality rates (HL) related to respiratory diseases (RD) other than COVID-19 in Brazil.

Methods: This observational time-series study was conducted through comparative analyses of the HA, HD, and HL related to non-COVID-19 RD registered between March and December 2020 by the Brazilian Unified Public Health System on the DataSUS Tabnet platform, using as reference the values recorded in the same period of 2019 and those projected by linear regression methods for 2020, considering the period from 2015 to 2019. The adopted statistical significance level was 5% (p < 0.

Current status and future perspectives of radiomics in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Given the frequent co-existence of an aggressive tumor and underlying chronic liver disease, the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients requires experienced multidisciplinary team discussion. Moreover, imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis, staging, restaging, and surveillance of HCC. Currently, imaging assessment of HCC entails the assessment of qualitative characteristics which are prone to inter-reader variability.

Hepatobiliary phases in magnetic resonance imaging using liver-specific contrast for focal lesions in clinical practice.

Background: Challenging lesions, difficult to diagnose through non-invasive methods, constitute an important emotional burden for each patient regarding a still uncertain diagnosis (malignant x benign). In addition, from a therapeutic and prognostic point of view, delay in a definitive diagnosis can lead to worse outcomes. One of the main innovative trends currently is the use of molecular and functional methods to diagnosis.

Hepatic involvement in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia mimicking focal nodular hyperplasia.

Accurate diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Rendu-Osler-Weber disease, is important for reducing the risk of complications. Hepatic involvement in HHT is usually asymptomatic, but when present can cause noted morbidity and mortality. A 62-year-old woman presented with moderate upper-abdominal pain and tachycardia.

Lung Lesion Burden found on Chest CT as a Prognostic Marker in Hospitalized Patients with High Clinical Suspicion of COVID-19 Pneumonia: a Brazilian experience.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between lung lesion burden (LLB) found on chest computed tomography (CT) and 30-day mortality in hospitalized patients with high clinical suspicion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), accounting for tomographic dynamic changes.

Methods: Patients hospitalized with high clinical suspicion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a dedicated and reference hospital for COVID-19, having undergone at least one RT-PCR test, regardless of the result, and with one CT compatible with COVID-19, were retrospectively studied. Clinical and laboratory data upon admission were assessed, and LLB found on CT was semi-quantitatively evaluated through visual analysis.

A machine learning framework for the evaluation of myocardial rotation in patients with noncompaction cardiomyopathy.

Aims: Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is considered a genetic cardiomyopathy with unknown pathophysiological mechanisms. We propose to evaluate echocardiographic predictors for rigid body rotation (RBR) in NCC using a machine learning (ML) based model.

Methods And Results: Forty-nine outpatients with NCC diagnosis by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (21 men, 42.

Rectal MRI radiomics for predicting pathological complete response: Where we are.

Radiomics using rectal MRI radiomics has emerged as a promising approach in predicting pathological complete response. In this study, we present a typical pipeline of a radiomics analysis and review recent studies, exploring applications, development of radiomics methodologies and model construction in pCR prediction. Finally, we will offer our opinion about the future and discuss the next steps of rectal MRI radiomics for predicting pCR.

SARS-CoV-2 and splenic infarction: a rarely described thromboembolic presentation.

We report the case of a COVID-19 patient presenting with fever, headache and dyspnea, evolving with severe acute abdominal pain. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan diagnosed splenic infarction. We emphasize the importance of seeking the identification of complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, notably thromboembolic events, with the potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the disease.

Abdominal gastrointestinal imaging findings on computed tomography in patients with COVID-19 and correlation with clinical outcomes.

Purpose: Pulmonary imaging finding of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been widely described, but until now few studies have been published about abdominal radiological presentation. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of abdominal imaging findings in patients with COVID-19 in a multicenter study and correlate them with worse clinical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included adult COVID-positive patients with abdominal CT performed from 4/1/2020 to 5/1/2020 from two institutions.

Lung radiofrequency ablation: post-procedure imaging patterns and late follow-up.

Purpose: To describe expected imaging features on chest computed tomography (CT) after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of lung tumors, and their frequency over time after the procedure.

Methods: In this double-center retrospective study, we reviewed CT scans from patients who underwent RFA for primary or secondary lung tumors. Patients with partial ablation or tumor recurrence during the imaging follow-up were not included.

State-of-the-art in radiomics of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of basic principles, applications, and limitations.

Radiomics is a new field in medical imaging with the potential of changing medical practice. Radiomics is characterized by the extraction of several quantitative imaging features which are not visible to the naked eye from conventional imaging modalities, and its correlation with specific relevant clinical endpoints, such as pathology, therapeutic response, and survival. Several studies have evaluated the use of radiomics in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with encouraging results, particularly in the pretreatment prediction of tumor biological characteristics, risk of recurrence, and survival.

Anomalous origin of coronary arteries with an interarterial course: pictorial essay.

Coronary arteries originating from the contralateral (noncoronary) sinus and having an interarterial course, in which they run from the ascending aorta to the pulmonary trunk, is a potentially fatal anomaly. Computed tomography (CT) angiography facilitates the recognition and therapeutic planning of such anomalies because of its ability to acquire high-resolution images of the entire course of the coronary artery, as well as of the accompanying atherosclerotic involvement. The right coronary artery originating from the left coronary sinus is the most prevalent anomaly of this type and usually implies a better prognosis, the interarterial course being classified as "high" or "low", depending on whether it is above or below the level of the pulmonary valve, with consequent stratification of the risk and the treatment.

Radiation dose reduction by adjusting bolus tracking parameters in a 320-detector row scanner.

Background: The importance of bolus tracking (BT) regarding total effective radiation dose (ERD) in the era of advanced coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) has been ignored. We aimed to investigate whether adjusting BT parameters reduces ERD.

Methods: Adults consecutively referred to CTA (n = 289) in a 320 detector-row scanner were distributed into four BT protocols according to delay time and time between intermittent scans, as follows: A (n = 70, delay 10s, intermittent scans 1s); B (n = 79, delay 10s, intermittent scans 2s); C (n = 68, delay 15s, intermittent scans 1s); and D (n = 72, delay 15s, intermittent scans 2s).

Pediatric Liver Transplant: Techniques and Complications.

Liver transplant is considered to be the last-resort treatment approach for pediatric patients with end-stage liver disease. Despite the remarkable advance in survival rates, liver transplant remains an intricate surgery with significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of complications is crucial for patient survival but is challenging given the lack of specificity in clinical presentation.

Patellar tracking after isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: dynamic evaluation using computed tomography.

Purpose: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction offers good clinical results with a very low rate of instability recurrence. However, its in vivo effect on patellar tracking is not clearly known. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of MPFL reconstruction on patellar tracking using dynamic 320-detector-row CT.