Reference genes for gene expression profiling in mouse models of infection.

RT-qPCR dissects transcription-based processes but requires reference genes (RGs) for data normalization. This study prospected RGs for mouse macrophages (pMØ) and spleen infected with . The pMØ were infected with or vehicle for 4 h.

Recombinant osmotin inclusion bodies from Calotropis procera produced in E. coli BL21(DE3) prevent acute inflammation in a mouse model of listeriosis.

Background: The osmotin from the medicinal plant Calotropis procera (CpOsm) has characteristics similar to adiponectin, a human protein with immunoregulatory actions.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether recombinant osmotin inclusion bodies from C. procera (IB/rCpOsm) produced in E.

Antiinflammatory and antiinfective effect of caffeine in a mouse model of disseminated salmonellosis.

Caffeine has been reported for its antiinflammatory properties by stimulating phagocytosis. In this study, we investigated the antiinflammatory and antiinfective potential of caffeine in murine macrophage cell cultures and Swiss mice infected with virulent Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. Peritoneal macrophages (pMØ) were treated with caffeine on 96-well plates for 24 hr and then infected with Salmonella for 4 hr.

Anti-infective activity of Cratylia argentea lectin (CFL) against experimental infection with virulent Listeria monocytogenes in Swiss mice.

Background: The lectin from Cratylia argentea (CFL) is able to modulate the immune system response and is thus a potential phytotherapeutic substance.

Hypothesis/purpose: In this study, we investigated the role of CFL on control of bacterial infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of human listeriosis.

Study Design: Swiss mice were infected with L.

Anti-inflammatory activity of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) after experimental challenge with virulent Listeria monocytogenes in Swiss mice.

Background: Immunomodulatory therapies are claimed to enhance antimicrobial immunity and counterbalance antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria.

Purpose: To investigate whether caffeine can be useful for control of inflammation derived from experimental systemic infection with Listeria monocytogenes.

Methods: Peritoneal macrophages (pMØ) from Swiss mice were cultured with caffeine in 96-well plates, and then infected with virulent L.

Perspectives for the use of latex peptidases from Calotropis procera for control of inflammation derived from Salmonella infections.

Background: Anti-inflammatory properties have been attributed to latex proteins of the medicinal plant Calotropis procera.

Purpose: A mixture of cysteine peptidases (LPp2) from C. procera latex was investigated for control of inflammatory mediators and inflammation in a mouse model of Salmonella infection.

Latex proteins downregulate inflammation and restores blood-coagulation homeostasis in acute Salmonella infection.

Background: Calotropis procera latex protein fraction (LP) was previously shown to protect animals from septic shock. Further investigations showed that LP modulate nitric oxide and cytokines levels.

Objectives: To evaluate whether the protective effects of LP, against lethal bacterial infection, is observed in its subfractions (LPPII and LPPIII).

Cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines and anti-inflammatory properties of chitinases from Calotropis procera latex.

The role of chitinases from the latex of medicinal shrub Calotropis procera on viability of tumor cell lines and inflammation was investigated. Soluble latex proteins were fractionated in a CM Sepharose Fast-Flow Column and the major peak (LPp1) subjected to ion exchange chromatography using a Mono-Q column coupled to an FPLC system. In a first series of experiments, immortalized macrophages were cultured with LPp1 for 24 h.

Latex protein extracts from Calotropis procera with immunomodulatory properties protect against experimental infections with Listeria monocytogenes.

Background: The latex from the medicinal plant Calotropis procera is often used in folk medicine against infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Purpose: In this study, we investigate a protein fraction with immunomodulatory properties, named LPPI, against experimental infections, in vitro and in vivo, with a virulent strain of Listeria monocytogenes.

Study Design: LPPI was exposed to cultured macrophages or Swiss mice and then challenged with L.

Coliform risk assessment through use of the clam Anomalocardia brasiliana as animal sentinel for shellfish harvesting areas in Brazil's northeast.

Outbreaks of food-borne diseases related to consumption of contaminated shellfish have been reported in many countries, but not in Brazil, possibly due to deficient reporting. Here we investigated the suitability of the clam Anomalocardia brasiliana as an animal sentinel for coliform monitoring in shellfish harvesting areas of Brazil's northeast. Samples of shellfish meats (40 clams per sample; n = 8 per collection) were collected at random from April 2009 through March 2010 in the bay area of Mangue Seco (state of Pernambuco).

Peptidases from latex of Carica candamarcensis upregulate COX-2 and IL-1 mRNA transcripts against Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium-mediated inflammation.

The immunomodulatory properties of a mixture of cysteine peptidases (P1G10) obtained from the fruit lattice of Carica candamarcensis were investigated. P1G10 was obtained from fresh latex samples by chromatography in a Sephadex column and initially administered to Swiss mice (n = 5; 1 or 10 mg/kg) via i.p.

Antimicrobial resistance and detection of the mecA gene besides enterotoxin-encoding genes among coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from clam meat of Anomalocardia brasiliana.

The marine clam Anomalocardia brasiliana is a candidate as a sentinel animal to monitor the contamination levels of coliforms in shellfish-harvesting areas of Brazil's northeastern region. The aim of the present study was to search enterotoxin-encoding genes plus the mecA gene among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolates from shellfish meats of A. brasiliana.

Zoonotic potential of multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli obtained from healthy poultry carcasses in Salvador, Brazil.

The zoonotic potential to cause human and/or animal infections among multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from avian origin was investigated. Twenty-seven extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates containing the increased survival gene (iss) were obtained from the livers of healthy and diseased poultry carcasses at two slaughterhouses in Salvador, northeastern Brazil.

Involvement of NO in the inhibitory effect of Calotropis procera latex protein fractions on leukocyte rolling, adhesion and infiltration in rat peritonitis model.

Aim Of The Study: The latex of Calotropis procera has been used in the traditional medicinal system for the treatment of leprosy, ulcers, tumors, piles and diseases of liver, spleen, abdomen and toothache. It comprises of a non-dialyzable protein fraction (LP) that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and a dialyzable fraction (DF) exhibiting pro-inflammatory properties. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of LP sub-fractions on neutrophil functions and nociception in rodent models and to elucidate the mediatory role of nitric oxide (NO).