Systematic review of the utility and limits of 3D printing in spine surgery.

Objective: The main objective of this study has been to demonstrate why additive printing allows to make complex surgical pathological processes that affect the spine more visible and understandable, increasing precision, safety and reliability of the surgical procedure.

Methods: A systematic review of the articles published in the last 10 years on 3D printing-assisted spinal surgery was carried out, in accordance with PRISMA 2020 declaration. Keywords "3D printing" and "spine surgery" were searched in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar and Opengrey databases, which was completed with a manual search through the list of bibliographic references of the articles that were selected following the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Spinal health in 40 patients in the initial stage of laboural life. Morfogeometric, biological and environmental study.

Introduction: Assuming that spinal shape is a genetic expression, its analysis and acquired factors could assess their respective contribution to early spine deterioration.

Material And Methods: A geometric morphometric analysis was retrospectively performed on sagittal lumbar MRI of young patients with back pain to identify lumbar spine shape changes. Using Geometric Morphometrics, findings were analyzed with anthropometric, radiological, and clinical variables.

Follow-up of a new titaniumcoated polyetheretherketone cage for the cervical spine.

Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) cages have lower modulus of elasticity when compared with Titanium (TTN) cages. This suggests that PEEK-cages could show a lower rate of subsidence after anterior cervical discectomy-fusion (ACDF) and might lead to a lower loss of correction. We investigated the one to five year-results of standalone PEEK-TTN-porous coated cages in a patient cohort from 2014 to 2017.

Delay in diagnosis of thoracolumbar fractures.

The time interval between the date of trauma and the diagnosis of vertebral column fractures hinders management and increases liability. We have examined the features and implications of this delay. 585 consecutive thoracolumbar fractures (2005-2016), were considered; 382 (65.

[Interspinous spacers and disc herniation. Geomorphometric and clinical study of 71 cases treated by L4-L5 microdiscectomy associated to spacer placement].

Objective: A controversial indication of interspinous spacers is their use as a complement to discectomy. At the present time, there is no solid clinical evidence of effectiveness of that association, which might result from variability in spacer positioning, restricting its correct biomechanical actions. In this study our goal was to identify and analyse the variability in the placement of an interspinous spacer, and to investigate its relationship with the clinical results.

Simulation in spinal diseases.

Simulation is frequent in spinal disease, resulting in problems for specialists like Orthopedic Surgeons, Neurosurgeons, Reumathologists, etc. Simulation requires demonstration of the intentional production of false or exaggerated symptoms following an external incentive. The clinician has difficulties in demonstrating these criteria, resulting in misdiagnosis of simulation or misinterpretation of the normal patient as a simulator, with the possibility of iatrogenic distress and litigation.