Role of Pediatricians in Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding: A Position Paper of the International Pediatric Association Strategic Advisory Group on Infant, Child, and Adolescent Nutrition.

Background: Promoting and supporting breastfeeding is an important public health intervention with multiple benefits for both infants and mothers. Even modest increases in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding could significantly reduce healthcare costs and improve maternal and child health outcomes. However, widespread adoption of breastfeeding recommendations remains poor in most settings, which contributes to widening health and social inequalities.

International Latin American Survey on Pediatric Intestinal Failure Team.

There is little data on the experience of managing pediatric Intestinal Failure (IF) in Latin America. This study aimed to identify and describe the current organization and practices of the IF teams in Latin America and the Caribbean. An online survey was sent to inquire about the existence of IF teams that managed children on home parenteral nutrition (HPN).

[Ibero-Latinamerican Clinical Practical Guidelines on pediatric caustic esophagitis: Therapeutical aspects (Part 2)].

Caustic ingestion represents a serious social-medical problem due to the devastating and irreversible consequences it can produce in the upper digestive tract. In Ibero-America, there are no published reliable data on the incidence or prevalence of caustic-induced injuries, and most of the available information on clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is based on retrospective clinical series and, indeed, its clinical management is often based primarily on expert opinion. Re cently as an initiative of the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN) and with the cooperation of the Spanish Society for Pediatric Gastroente rology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP), we have designed a Clinical Practice Guideline that include a series of statements and recommendations aimed at optimizing patient medical care which is based on the systematic review of evidence.

[Ibero-latinamerican clinical practical guidelines on pediatric caustic esophagitis: Physiopathology and clinical-endoscopic diagnosis (1st Part)].

Caustic ingestion represents a serious social-medical problem due to the devastating and irreversible consequences it can produce in the upper digestive tract. In Ibero-America, there are no published reliable data on the incidence or prevalence of caustic-induced injuries, and most of the available information on clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is based on retrospective clinical series and, indeed, its clinical management is often based primarily on expert opinion. Re cently as an initiative of the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN) and with the cooperation of the Spanish Society for Pediatric Gastroente rology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP), we have designed a Clinical Practice Guideline that include a series of statements and recommendations aimed at optimizing patient medical care which is based on the systematic review of evidence.

Amino acid formula as a new strategy for diagnosing cow's milk allergy in infants: is it cost-effective?

Aims: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of a new strategy that uses an amino acid formula in the elimination diet of infants with suspected cow's milk allergy (CMA).

Materials And Methods: This pharmacoeconomic study was developed from the perspective of the Brazilian Public Healthcare System. The new strategy proposes using an amino acid formula in the diagnostic elimination diet of infants (≤24 months) with suspected CMA.

Composition of Follow-Up Formula for Young Children Aged 12-36 Months: Recommendations of an International Expert Group Coordinated by the Nutrition Association of Thailand and the Early Nutrition Academy.

Background: There are no internationally agreed recommendations on compositional requirements of follow-up formula for young children (FUF-YC) aged 1-3 years.

Aim: The aim of the study is to propose international compositional recommendations for FUF-YC.

Methods: Compositional recommendations for FUF-YC were devised by expert consensus based on a detailed literature review of nutrient intakes and unmet needs in children aged 12-36 months.

Cow's milk allergy: color Doppler ultrasound findings in infants with hematochezia.

Objective: ultrasound (US) has been an important diagnostic tool to identify several causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. Infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA) may present hematochezia and the confirmation of the diagnosis can be difficult. The aim of this study is to describe grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound findings in patients with CMA.

Doppler US measurement of the superior mesenteric artery blood flow in children and adolescents.

Background: Blood flow volume in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) measured by pulsed Doppler has been used in adults to evaluate Crohn disease but has not been utilized in children and adolescents.

Objective: To establish a cutoff point for normal SMA blood flow using pulsed Doppler US measurement in healthy children and adolescents.

Materials And Methods: The study included healthy volunteers from an urban community, divided into two age groups, children (5-9 years) and adolescents (10-17 years).

Waist circumference in children and adolescents correlate with metabolic syndrome and fat deposits in young adults.

Background & Aims: To determine the relevance of waist circumference (WC) measurement and monitoring in children and adolescents as an early indicator of overweight, metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular problems in young adults in comparison with visceral and subcutaneous adiposity.

Methods: A cohort study with 159 subjects (51.6% female) started in 1999 with an average age of 13.

Gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound findings in children with cow's milk allergy.

Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate whether gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound can reveal intestinal inflammation in infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA).

Subjects And Methods: This study evaluated the clinical findings and grayscale and color Doppler sonograms of 34 infants. Seventeen 0- to 6-month-old infants with suspected CMA and 17 nonsymptomatic age-matched infants were evaluated by a blinded investigator who determined the percentage of vessel density and the thickness of different parts of the bowel.

A survey on clinical presentation and nutritional status of infants with suspected cow' milk allergy.

Background: Cow's milk is the most common food allergen in infants and the diagnosis of cow's milk allergy is difficult, even with the use of several diagnostic tests. Therefore, elimination diets and challenge tests are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. The aim of this study is to report the clinical presentation and nutritional status of children evaluated by pediatric gastroenterologists for the assessment of symptoms suggestive of cow's milk allergy.

Graded compression sonography of the colon in the diagnosis of polyps in pediatric patients.

Objective: We report seven cases of juvenile polyps detected by graded compression gray-scale and color Doppler sonography in five children with nonspecific symptoms.

Conclusion: Intestinal polyps can be detected by graded compression gray-scale and color Doppler sonography without colonic preparation. On gray-scale sonography, polyps appeared as spherical or ovoid hypoechoic nodules in the colon lumen.