KAT2A and KAT2B prevent double-stranded RNA accumulation and interferon signaling to maintain intestinal stem cell renewal.

Histone acetyltransferases and are paralogs highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but their functions are not well understood. In this study, double knockout of murine genes in the intestinal epithelium was lethal, resulting in robust activation of interferon signaling and interferon-associated phenotypes including the loss of intestinal stem cells. Use of pharmacological agents and sterile organoid cultures indicated a cell-intrinsic double-stranded RNA trigger for interferon signaling.

Automated disassembly of e-waste-requirements on modeling of processes and product states.

Automated disassembly is increasingly in focus for Recycling, Re-use, and Remanufacturing (Re-X) activities. Trends in digitalization, in particular digital twin (DT) technologies and the digital product passport, as well as recently proposed European legislation such as the Net Zero and the Critical materials Acts will accelerate digitalization of product documentation and factory processes. In this contribution we look beyond these activities by discussing digital information for stakeholders at the Re-X segment of the value-chain.

Intellectual Virtues for Interdisciplinary Research: A Consensual Qualitative Analysis.

Through a qualitative approach, this study identified a specific subgroup of intellectual virtues necessary for developing interdisciplinary research. Cognitive science was initially conceived as a new discipline emerging from various fields, including philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and anthropology. Thus, a frequent debate among cognitive scientists is whether the initial multidisciplinary program successfully developed into a mature interdisciplinary field or evolved into a set of independent sciences of cognition.

paralogs prevent dsRNA accumulation and interferon signaling to maintain intestinal stem cells.

Histone acetyltransferases and are paralogs highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but their functions are not well understood. In this study, double knockout of murine genes in the intestinal epithelium was lethal, resulting in robust activation of interferon signaling and interferon-associated phenotypes including the loss of intestinal stem cells. Use of pharmacological agents and sterile organoid cultures indicated a cell-intrinsic double-stranded RNA trigger for interferon signaling.

Community prevalence of and dyspepsia and efficacy of triple therapy in a rural district of eastern Uganda.

Background: () infection and chronic dyspepsia represent significant medical burdens in the developing world. An accurate assessment of the prevalence of chronic dyspepsia, as well as of the effectiveness of population-based screening and eradication of are warranted.

Objectives: We determined the prevalence of and chronic dyspepsia within the general adult population in a region of eastern Uganda.

Disruption of thymic central tolerance by infection with murine roseolovirus induces autoimmune gastritis.

Infections with herpesviruses, including human roseoloviruses, have been proposed to cause autoimmune disease, but defining a causal relationship and mechanism has been difficult due to the ubiquitous nature of infection and development of autoimmunity long after acute infection. Murine roseolovirus (MRV) is highly related to human roseoloviruses. Herein we show that neonatal MRV infection induced autoimmune gastritis (AIG) in adult mice in the absence of ongoing infection.

Regulation of the double-stranded RNA response through ADAR1 licenses metaplastic reprogramming in gastric epithelium.

Cells recognize both foreign and host-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) via a signaling pathway that is usually studied in the context of viral infection. It has become increasingly clear that the sensing and handling of endogenous dsRNA is also critical for cellular differentiation and development. The adenosine RNA deaminase, ADAR1, has been implicated as a central regulator of the dsRNA response, but how regulation of the dsRNA response might mediate cell fate during injury and whether such signaling is cell intrinsic remain unclear.

Follow the Metaplasia: Characteristics and Oncogenic Implications of Metaplasia's Pattern of Spread Throughout the Stomach.

The human stomach functions as both a digestive and innate immune organ. Its main product, acid, rapidly breaks down ingested products and equally serves as a highly effective microbial filter. The gastric epithelium has evolved mechanisms to appropriately handle the myriad of injurious substances, both exogenous and endogenous, to maintain the epithelial barrier and restore homeostasis.

Safety Assessment of Rehabilitation Robots: A Review Identifying Safety Skills and Current Knowledge Gaps.

The assessment of rehabilitation robot safety is a vital aspect of the development process, which is often experienced as difficult. There are gaps in best practices and knowledge to ensure safe usage of rehabilitation robots. Currently, safety is commonly assessed by monitoring adverse events occurrence.

Single-Cell Transcriptional Analyses Identify Lineage-Specific Epithelial Responses to Inflammation and Metaplastic Development in the Gastric Corpus.

Background & Aims: Chronic atrophic gastritis can lead to gastric metaplasia and increase risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Metaplasia is a precancerous lesion associated with an increased risk for carcinogenesis, but the mechanism(s) by which inflammation induces metaplasia are poorly understood. We investigated transcriptional programs in mucous neck cells and chief cells as they progress to metaplasia mice with chronic gastritis.

Helicobacter pylori: preying on SIVA for survival in the stomach.

Infection with the Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori remains the most important modifiable risk factor for the development of gastric cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. How the interactions between H. pylori and its host shape the gastric environment during chronic infection warrants further investigation.

Proliferation and Differentiation of Gastric Mucous Neck and Chief Cells During Homeostasis and Injury-induced Metaplasia.

Background & Aims: Adult zymogen-producing (zymogenic) chief cells (ZCs) in the mammalian gastric gland base are believed to arise from descending mucous neck cells, which arise from stem cells. Gastric injury, such as from Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, can cause metaplasia, characterized by gastric cell expression of markers of wound-healing; these cells are called spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cells. We investigated differentiation and proliferation patterns of neck cells, ZCs, and SPEM cells in mice.

Survey on the prevalence of dyspepsia and practices of dyspepsia management in rural Eastern Uganda.

Aim: To investigate the current prevalence and management of dyspepsia in rural Eastern Uganda.

Methods: Residents older than 18 years of age across 95 study sites in Namutumba District, Eastern Uganda were surveyed. Each respondent was administered a questionnaire about dyspepsia and pertinent health-seeking behaviors.

Contribution of sociodemographic, occupational, lifestyle and dietary characteristics to the oxidative stress microenvironment in adipose tissue.

The present study was conceived on the basis of the few previous reports suggesting a potential relevance of the oxidative stress microenvironment in the adipose tissue, a biological matrix which is closely related to the development of several chronic pathologies. Thus, our aim was to describe the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and markers of oxidative damage in adipose tissue samples from a Spanish cohort, as well as their main sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary predictors. The study was conducted in a subsample (n = 271 adults) of GraMo cohort, recruited in Granada (Southern Spain).

Asymmetry and spin-orbit coupling of light scattered from subwavelength particles.

Light scattering and spin-orbit angular momentum coupling phenomena from subwavelength objects, with electric and magnetic dipolar responses, are receiving an increasing interest. Under illumination by circularly polarized light, spin-orbit coupling effects have been shown to lead to significant shifts between the measured and actual position of particles. Here we show that the remarkable angular dependence of these "optical mirages" and those of the intensity, degree of circular polarization (DoCP), and spin and orbital angular momentum of scattered photons are all linked, and fully determined, by the dimensionless "asymmetry parameter" g, being independent of the specific optical properties of the scatterer.

Tropism for Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia Allows Helicobacter pylori to Expand Its Intragastric Niche.

Background & Aims: In patients with chronic Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection, parietal and chief cell atrophy in the gastric corpus, a process known as spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM), increases the risk for progression to cancer. The relation between H pylori and these metaplastic changes is unclear. We investigated whether H pylori localizes to regions of SPEM.

Acid and the basis for cellular plasticity and reprogramming in gastric repair and cancer.

Subjected to countless daily injuries, the stomach still functions as a remarkably efficient digestive organ and microbial filter. In this Review, we follow the lead of the earliest gastroenterologists who were fascinated by the antiseptic and digestive powers of gastric secretions. We propose that it is easiest to understand how the stomach responds to injury by stressing the central role of the most important gastric secretion, acid.

HIGH-RISK GASTRIC PATHOLOGY AND PREVALENT AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH PERNICIOUS ANEMIA.

Objective: Pernicious anemia (PA) develops from atrophic gastritis due to autoimmune destruction of parietal cells and results in achlorhydria, vitamin B12 and iron deficiencies, anemia, neurologic deficits, and premalignant and malignant stomach lesions. We report the presentation, diagnosis and gastric complications of PA in patients from an endocrinology practice.

Methods: Thirty-four patients (31 female, 3 male) with PA who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or gastrectomy were identified.

Contribution of Persistent Organic Pollutant Exposure to the Adipose Tissue Oxidative Microenvironment in an Adult Cohort: A Multipollutant Approach.

Despite growing in vitro and in vivo evidence of the putative role of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the induction of oxidative damage in cell structures, this issue has been poorly addressed from an epidemiologic perspective. The aim of this study was to explore associations between adipose tissue POP concentrations and the in situ oxidative microenvironment. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a subsample (n = 271) of a previously established cohort, quantifying levels of eight POPs and four groups of oxidative stress biomarkers in adipose tissue.