Metab Brain Dis
November 2024
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is physiopathologically marked by an accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ), hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the brain tissue. While new drugs for AD have been approved, novel treatments are still needed. Eplingiella fruticosa (EF) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may be beneficial against AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBehav Brain Res
February 2025
Despite significant advancements to understand of the neural circuitry involved in anxiety, the neurobiology of trait anxiety remains unclear. The rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and various pathways have been implicated in its regulation, making it a key to trait anxiety. The present study aimed to investigate the role of these neurotransmitter systems in the rACC in trait anxiety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiol Behav
July 2024
Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue and muscle atrophy. Although its etiology is not known, studies have shown that FM patients exhibit altered function of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which regulates nociception and muscle plasticity. Nevertheless, the precise SNS-mediated mechanisms governing hyperalgesia and skeletal muscle atrophy in FM remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Pharmacol
November 2023
Although it has been previously demonstrated that oxytocin (OXT) receptor stimulation can control skeletal muscle mass in vivo, the intracellular mechanisms that mediate this effect are still poorly understood. Thus, rat oxidative skeletal muscles were isolated and incubated with OXT or WAY-267,464, a non-peptide selective OXT receptor (OXTR) agonist, in the presence or absence of atosiban (ATB), an OXTR antagonist, and overall proteolysis was evaluated. The results indicated that both OXT and WAY-267,464 suppressed muscle proteolysis, and this effect was blocked by the addition of ATB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrofacial pain is one of the commonest and most complex complaints in dentistry, greatly impairing life quality. Preclinical studies using monoterpenes have shown pharmacological potential to treat painful conditions, but the reports of the effects of myrtenol on orofacial pain and inflammation are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of myrtenol in experimental models of orofacial pain and inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by an abnormal, spontaneous, and synchronized neuronal hyperactivity. Therapeutic approaches for controlling epileptic seizures are associated with pharmacoresistance and side effects burden. Previous studies reported that different natural products may have neuroprotector effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
November 2021
Current pharmacological approaches to treat Parkinson's disease have low long-term efficacy and important adverse side effects. The development of new pharmacological therapies has focused on novel plant-derived phytochemicals. The alcoholic monoterpene myrtenol has been isolated from several plant species, and has anxiolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSocial behavior in lizards contributes to understanding biological standards and provides models for structuring research about neural mechanisms. Studies have confirmed the effectiveness of comparative models and evidence has contributed to clarifying adult brain plasticity phenomenon when exposed to different stimuli. The expression of c-Fos has been widely used to identify brain areas involved in different behavioral stimuli.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Behav Evol
July 2017
The lizard cortex has remarkable similarities with the mammalian hippocampus. Both regions process memories, have similar cytoarchitectural properties, and are important neurogenic foci in adults. Lizards show striking levels of widespread neurogenesis in adulthood and can regenerate entire cortical areas after injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are pointed to as the mammals central circadian pacemaker. Aged animals show internal time disruption possibly caused by morphological and neurochemical changes in SCN components. Some studies reported changes of neuronal cells and neuroglia in the SCN of rats and nonhuman primates during aging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effects of different temperature-acclimations on cellular proliferation and migration were studied in the cerebral cortex of the tropical lizard, Tropidurus hispidus. Lizards were divided in two groups: warm-acclimated lizards (WALs), maintained at the temperature and photoperiod conditions of their natural habitat (mean temperature 26°C; 12:12 light:dark) and the cold-acclimated lizards (CALs), maintained at the same cycle of illumination and a mean temperature of 16°C. Animals were injected with the proliferative marker 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and euthanized fifteen or thirty days later for the immunostaining.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLizards belonging to the Tropiduridae family are "sit-and-wait" foragers, relying mainly on visual identification to catch prey that cross their visual fields. Little is known about the neurobiology of Tropiduridae lizards. We have used neurohistological techniques to study the structural organization of the telencephalon of the neotropical lizard Tropidurus hispidus, paying special attention to the cerebral cortex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe immediate-early gene egr-1 has been shown to have an increased expression during long-term potentiation (LTP). High frequency electrical stimulation induces an increase in such expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. However, evidence demonstrating the activation of this gene in the spinal cord and its relationship with LTP is still scarce.
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