Interleukin-15 is a hair follicle immune privilege guardian.

The autoimmunity-promoting cytokine, Interleukin-15 (IL-15), is often claimed to be a key pathogenic cytokine in alopecia areata (AA). Yet, rhIL-15 promotes human hair follicle (HF) growth ex vivo. We have asked whether the expression of IL-15 and its receptor (IL-15R) isoforms is altered in human AA and how IL-15 impacts on human HF immune privilege (HF-IP) in the presence/absence of interferon-γ (IFNγ), the well-documented key AA-pathogenic cytokine, as well as on hair regrowth after experimental AA induction in vivo.

Treatment of Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia following Cryolipolysis: A Single-Center Experience.

Unlabelled: Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia is a rare adverse event associated with cryolipolysis. No evidence of spontaneous resolution has been described and little has been written about its treatment. The purpose of this report is to share the authors' experience treating patients with paradoxical adipose hyperplasia after cryolipolysis.

Ocular Pain and Impending Blindness During Facial Cosmetic Injections: Is Your Office Prepared?

Unlabelled: Soft tissue filler injections are the second most common non-surgical procedure performed by the plastic surgeon. Embolization of intravascular material after facial injection is a rare but terrifying outcome due to the high likelihood of long-term sequela such as blindness and cerebrovascular accident. The literature is replete with examples of permanent blindness caused by injection with autologous fat, soft tissue fillers such as hyaluronic acid, PLLA, calcium hydroxyl-apatite, and even corticosteroid suspensions.

Embrace the Change: Incorporating Single-Stage Implant Breast Reconstruction into Your Practice.

Background: Multiple studies have reported on the safety of nipple-sparing mastectomy and low complication rates associated with single-stage implant breast reconstruction. Yet many plastic surgeons continue to be resistant to change. This article presents the senior author's (M.

Vaginal labiaplasty: current practices and a simplified classification system for labial protrusion.

Background: Vaginal labiaplasty has been described for the management of functional and aesthetic problems associated with protrusion of the labia minora. Despite increasing numbers of procedures performed, there is a paucity of data to guide treatment paradigms. This systematic review aims to establish a simple, unifying classification scheme for labial protrusion and summarize current labiaplasty techniques and practices.

The management of pediatric type 1 nasoorbitoethmoidal fractures with resorbable fixation.

Nasoorbitoethmoid (NOE) fractures are rare in the pediatric population. A recent study reported that NOE fractures account for 1% to 8% of all pediatric craniofacial fractures based on the National Trauma Data Bank. Although infrequent, NOE fractures must be appropriately identified and treated because of potential severe esthetic and functional complications.

The impact of a standardized consultation form for facial trauma on billing and evaluation and management levels.

Background: Facial trauma is among the most frequent consultations encountered by plastic surgeons. Unfortunately, the reimbursement from these consultations can be low, and qualified plastic surgeons may exclude facial trauma from their practice. An audit of our records found insufficient documentation to justify higher evaluation and management (EM) levels of service resulting in lower reimbursement.