Performance of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of severity and mortality in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: An inflammatory cascade associated with the systemic neutrophil response can be triggered after traumatic brain injury (TBI), causing neuronal dysfunction, which is considered to be related to the prognosis of the victims. The scope of this research is to identify the performance of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of prognosis considering TBI severity and death as outcomes in a group of pediatric patients.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated NLR through a consecutive review of the medical records (cross-sectional study) of children and adolescents aged < 17 years victims of TBI.

Accuracy of acute hyperglycemia as a biomarker of severe brain damage in children with traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: Biomarkers are substances measured at the systemic level to evaluate organic responses in certain situations, establishing diagnoses, disease staging, and prognosis. Blood glucose is a biomarker recognized as a predictor of prognosis in children victims of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The scope of this study was to identify the accuracy of blood glucose as a biomarker of severe brain injury.

Complex Craniosynostosis in Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome: Case Report in Twins.

Introduction: Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a rare genetic syndrome associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and craniofacial dysmorphisms caused by variations in the TCF4 transition factor. The aim of this article was to report the case of two twin infants diagnosed with PTHS, confirmed by the identification of a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the TCF4 gene through DNA extracted from a buccal swab.

Case Presentation: Both infants presented with craniofacial asymmetry with a metopic crest and cranial deformity.

Costs of pediatric hydrocephalus treatment for the Brazilian public health system in the Northeast of Brazil.

Purpose: To estimate the costs of the surgical treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus, specifically ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), for the Brazilian public health system (SUS).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of health records of patients < 14 years of age with a diagnosis of hydrocephalus who underwent VPS or ETV between September 2009 and June 2016, regularly followed up for 24 months.

Results: Seventy-six medical records were included.

Cerebrospinal fluid drainage options for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature neonates.

Objective: The literature describes various cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage techniques to alleviate posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm newborns; however, consensus has not been reached. The scope of this study was describing a case series of premature neonates with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and assessing the outcomes of different approaches used for CSF diversion.

Methods: A consecutive review of the medical records of neonates with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus treated with CSF drainage was conducted.

Association of increased morbidity with the occurrence of hyperglycemia in the immediate postoperative period after elective pediatric neurosurgery.

OBJECTIVE The acute elevation of blood glucose in perioperative pediatric patients subjected to cardiac surgery and in victims of head trauma is associated with higher rates of postoperative complications. Data on the occurrence of hyperglycemia and its association with unfavorable outcomes among patients who have undergone elective neurosurgery are scarce in the literature. This study aimed to determine whether the occurrence of hyperglycemia during the perioperative period of elective neurosurgery for the resection of tumors of the CNS in children is associated with increased morbidity.

Clinical and ultrasonographic criteria for using ventriculoperitoneal shunts in newborns with myelomeningocele.

Objective Hydrocephalus is one of the main complications associated with myelomeningocele (MM). This study aimed to identify clinical and ultrasonographic criteria for using ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts in this group of patients.Method A retrospective cohort study, based on established protocol for VP shunt implant in hydrocephalic children with MM.

Scaphocephaly and cranial vault reconstruction: Renier's 'H' technique.

Background: Resulting from an early fusion of the sagittal suture, scaphocephaly (SC) is the most frequent form of all craniosynostosis and represents 40-60% of all cases. The scope of this study is to describe the first series of Renier's 'H' technique to be applied in children with SC outside of France.

Methods: A consecutive review is made of the medical records of children hospitalized in the last 6 years (between March 2007 and March 2013) with isolated SC in whom Renier's 'H' technique was performed.

Surgical options for treatment of traumatic subdural hematomas in children younger than 2 years of age.

Object: Subdural hematoma (SDH) is the most common finding on cranial CT in pediatric victims of abusive head trauma (AHT). The hematomas are commonly bilateral and sometimes associated with interhemispheric hyperdensity and/or convexity hemorrhages. There is no consensus regarding the best surgical treatment in such cases nor are there standardized surgical protocols.

Unusual spinal dysraphic lesions.

Human tail and multiple spinal dysraphism are unusual congenital malformations. Human tail appeared as a prominent lesion from the lumbosacrococcygeal region, generally without connection between the tail and the neurospinal axis. Spinal dysraphisms are usually isolated, reaching 0.

Congenital hydrocephalus in the northeast of Brazil: epidemiological aspects, prenatal diagnosis, and treatment.

Purpose: Congenital hydrocephalus (CH) has higher proportions in developing countries such as Brazil, reaching rates of 3.16:1,000 newborns. Early diagnosis is essential and can be done during the second trimester of pregnancy, highlighting the importance of regular prenatal care.

Transcranial Doppler can predict intracranial hypertension in children with severe traumatic brain injuries.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of emergency Transcranial Doppler (TCD) to predict intracranial hypertension and abnormal cerebral perfusion pressure in children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Patients And Methods: A descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study was designed through data collected from medical records of children with severe TBI (Glasgow coma scale ≤ 8), admitted to a level I pediatric trauma center, between January 2000 and December 2005. Early TCD examination was performed upon admission, and TCD profiles were considered as altered using previously validated threshold values for diastolic velocity (<25 cm/s) and pulsatility index (>1.

Mortality in Children With Severe Head Trauma: Predictive Factors and Proposal for a New Predictive Scale.

Background: Traumatic brain injury is a public health problem around the world, and recognition of systemic sources of secondary brain lesions is crucial to improve outcome.

Objective: To identify the main predictors of mortality and to propose a grading scale to measure the risk of death.

Methods: This retrospective study was based on medical records of children with severe traumatic brain injury who were hospitalized at a level I pediatric trauma center between January 2000 and December 2005.

Mortality in children with severe head trauma: predictive factors and proposal for a new predictive scale.

Background: Traumatic brain injury is a public health problem around the world, and recognition of systemic sources of secondary brain lesions is crucial to improve outcome.

Objective: To identify the main predictors of mortality and to propose a grading scale to measure the risk of death.

Methods: This retrospective study was based on medical records of children with severe traumatic brain injury who were hospitalized at a level I pediatric trauma center between January 2000 and December 2005.

Do children with Glasgow 13/14 could be identified as mild traumatic brain injury?

Objective: To identify in mild head injured children the major differences between those with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 15 and GCS 13/14.

Method: Cross-sectional study accomplished through information derived from medical records of mild head injured children presented in the emergency room of a Pediatric Trauma Centre level I, between May 2007 and May 2008.

Results: 1888 patients were included.

Acute hyperglycemia is a reliable outcome predictor in children with severe traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: Hyperglycemia in the acute phase after trauma could adversely affect outcome in children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The goal of this study was to identify the relationship between acute spontaneous hyperglycemia and outcome in children with severe TBI at hospital discharge and 6 months later.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of blood glucose levels in children with severe TBI at a Pediatric level I Trauma Center, between January 2000 and December 2005.

Hyperglycemia in pediatric head trauma patients: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To verify the prevalence of acute hyperglycemia in children with head trauma stratified by the Glasgow coma scale (GCS).

Method: A prospective cross-sectional study carried out with information from medical records of pediatric patients presenting with head injury in the emergency room of a referral emergency hospital during a one year period. We considered the cut-off value of 150 mg/dL to define hyperglycemia.

Defenestration in children younger than 6 years old: mortality predictors in severe head trauma.

Purpose: This study aims to describe the characteristics of severe head injuries in children less than 6 years old, victims of falls from windows, and identify the main predictive factors of mortality in this population.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed through data derived from medical records of less than 6-year-old children victims of falls from windows presenting with a severe head injury defined by an initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) < or =8, hospitalized at a Pediatric Trauma center level III, between January 2000 and December 2005. Statistical analysis used univariate analysis and multiple logistic regressions.

Skull radiographs and computed tomography scans in children and adolescents with mild head trauma.

Objective: To identify which pediatric patients with mild head trauma are candidates for skull radiographs or cranial computed tomography (CCT) scans.

Method: Patients with mild head trauma aged from 0 to 19 years presenting to the Emergency Department of a trauma centre from Salvador City, Brazil, between May 2007 and May 2008.

Results: A total of 1888 mild head trauma patients were admitted; mean age was 7.

[Traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents at Salvador City, Bahia, Brazil].

Objective: To verify the frequency of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the people between 0 and 19 years of age, in accordance to gender, age and cause of trauma.

Method: Descriptive study made through a period of a year, in all TBI victims, aged until 19 years admitted in a reference trauma center.

Results: The sample had a total of 390 patients; 280 (71.

[Prognostic factors about morbidity and lethality in head injury].

Objective: To define the prognostic factors in head injury victims.

Method: Assessment and notification of 555 medical files from victims with head injury assisted at the General Hospital of Bahia during 2001.

Results: We verified morbidity rates of 19.

[Characteristics of patients with head injury at Salvador City (Bahia--Brazil)].

Objective: To describe the characteristics from people with head injury at Salvador city, as well, to point out the most frequent age groups, their disabilities and lethality rates.

Method: Assessment and notification of 555 medical files from victims with head injury assisted at the General Hospital of Bahia during 2001.

Results: 82.