Novel RNA viruses associated with avian haemosporidian parasites.

Avian haemosporidian parasites can cause malaria-like symptoms in their hosts and have been implicated in the demise of some bird species. The newly described Matryoshka RNA viruses (MaRNAV1 and MaRNAV2) infect haemosporidian parasites that in turn infect their vertebrate hosts. MaRNAV2 was the first RNA virus discovered associated with parasites of the genus Leucocytozoon.

Bond strength of a self-adhesive resin cement to enamel and dentin.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of surface treatments and thermocycling on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of self-adhesive resin cement to human enamel and dentin. Eighty human third molars were selected. The crowns of 40 teeth were transversally sectioned, exposing the mid-coronal dentin.

Effect of different finishing times on surface roughness and maintenance of polish in nanoparticle and microhybrid composite resins.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of immediate polishing, after 24 h and after 1 week, on the surface roughness of two micro-hybrid resins (Esthet-X; Opallis) and one nanoparticle resin (Filtek Z350), as well as verifying maintenance of the polish after 1 year, simulated by means of thermal cycling. Forty-three specimens of each material were made and divided into a control group and three experimental groups. The control group specimens received no surface treatment.

Effect of dentinal surface preparation on bond strength of self-etching adhesive systems.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dentin surface treatments on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of the self-etching primer Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) and the one-step self-etching One-Up Bond F (OUB). The exposed flat dentin surfaces of twenty-four sound third molars were prepared with diamond bur at high-speed, carbide bur at low-speed or wet ground with #600 grit SiC paper. The adhesive systems were applied to the dentin surfaces and light-cured according to the manufacturers' instructions.

Clinical evaluation of proximal contacts of Class II esthetic direct restorations.

Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of proximal contacts in Class II restorations using two types of matrix bands (steel and polyester) with two different restoration techniques (incremental and with prepolymerized particles).

Method And Materials: Eighty-eight Class II adjacent restorations using Prodigy resin composite were performed: 44 with the incremental technique (22 with steel matrix bands, 22 with polyester matrix bands) and 44 utilizing prepolymerized resin particles (22 steel matrix, 22 polyester matrix). The restorations were clinically evaluated at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 months.

Surface roughness of packable composite resins polished with various systems.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of four packable composite resins, SureFil (Dentsply, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Prodigy Condensable (Kerr Co., Orange, CA, USA), Filtek P60 (3M do Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil), and ALERT (Jeneric/Pentron, Inc., Wallingford, CT, USA) and one microhybrid composite resin (Filtek Z250, 3M do Brasil) after polishing with four finishing systems.

Effect of the clinical application of the GaAlAs laser in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the clinical use of the gallium-aluminum-arsenium (GaAlAs) laser at the maximum and minimum energies recommended by the manufacturer for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity.

Background Data: Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a response to a stimulus that would not usually cause pain in a healthy tooth. It is characterized by sharp pain of short duration from the denuded dentin.