Virulence factors, antibiotic resistance phenotypes and O-serogroups of Escherichia coli strains isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infection patients in Mexico.

Background/purpose: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains isolated from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) were assessed to determine the prevalence of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance, and the O-serogroup of the strains.

Methods: Consenting patients with community-acquired UTI were enrolled at Unidad Médica Familiar Number 64 (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Estado de Mexico, Mexico) and 321 urine samples were collected. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess 24 virulence genes and 14 O-serogroups.

[Stages of grief in diabetes and metabolic control].

Background: To identify type 2 diabetic patients, the stages of grief and its association with metabolic control.

Methods: 186 patients both sexes, without recent loss of a loved one or a terminal illness. We applied a previously validated instrument, which explored the stages of grief (denial, anger/disbelief, bargaining, depression, and acceptance).

Expression of enterotoxin-coding genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Mexican haemodialysis patients.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes severe catheter-related infections in haemodialysis patients ranging from local-site infections and septic thrombophlebitis to bacteraemia but the associated virulence factors and exotoxins remain unclear.

Findings: We employed an in vitro infection model using reconstituted human epithelium (RHE) to analyse the expression profiles of 4 virulence genes and 12 exotoxin-coding virulence genes in 21 MRSA strains isolated from catheter-related infections in 21 Mexican patients undergoing haemodialysis. All 21 strains (100%) expressed the seg, seh, sei, eta, etb, or hla genes coding staphylococcal toxins.

[Satisfactory cervical cytology. Circular exocervical cytologic smears against longitudinal exocervical smears].

Background: In the Mexican Institute of Social Security, since 1962 the exocervical sample is normally extended with a circular motion technique (the usual technique). In 2006, the Ministry of Health established that the exocervical sample shall be extended with longitudinal technique (standard technique). We proposed a new technique: the exocervical widespread.

[Life style and metabolic control in DiabetIMSS program].

Objective: To compare the lifestyle and metabolic control of diabetes patients included and not included in the DiabetIMSS program.

Methods: Subjects with diabetes in the DiabetIMSS program and the general clinic were divided into three groups: group 1 first attended the program, group 2 were enrolled during the study, and group 3 had not been included the program. Demographic and clinical aspects were measured and the IMEVID instrument was applied.

Implementation of a novel in vitro model of infection of reconstituted human epithelium for expression of virulence genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from catheter-related infections in Mexico.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are clinically relevant pathogens that cause severe catheter-related nosocomial infections driven by several virulence factors.

Methods: We implemented a novel model of infection in vitro of reconstituted human epithelium (RHE) to analyze the expression patterns of virulence genes in 21 MRSA strains isolated from catheter-related infections in Mexican patients undergoing haemodialysis. We also determined the phenotypic and genotypic co-occurrence of antibiotic- and disinfectant-resistance traits in the S.

Frequency and expression of ALS and HWP1 genotypes in Candida albicans strains isolated from Mexican patients suffering from vaginal candidosis.

To detect the frequency and expression of eight ALS (agglutinin-like sequence) genes and the HWP1 genotype in a group of Candida albicans strains isolated from Mexican women suffering from vaginal candidosis. A group of 264 women (age 15-57 years) with vaginal infections were evaluated. C.

[Effects of glycine on auditory evoked potentials among diabetic patients with auditory pathway neuropathy].

Background: Glycine inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end products that may cause central and peripheral neuronal damage, affecting also the auditory nerve.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of glycine on auditory nerve conduction and hearing level among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and auditory neuropathy.

Material And Methods: Twenty grams of oral glycine per day were administered during 6 months to 28 type 2 diabetic patients aged 58 ± 6 years, with auditory pathway neuropathy.

[Risk of glucose metabolism changes in spouses of Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes].

Background And Objective: To determine whether in the Mexican population the spouses of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) have an increased risk of any degree of glucose intolerance compared with spouses of subjects without diabetes.

Subjects And Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was made in the Family Medicine Unit number 62 of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, located in the State of México. A random sample of 87 spouses of patients with DM2 (group ED) was compared with 87 spouses of subjects with a normal glucose tolerance (group ENOD).

[Asymptomatic bacteruiria frequency in pregnant women and uropathogen in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity].

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women attended in Family Medicine Units of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social and to determine the in vitro sensitivity rate of the microorganisms to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin and amikacin.

Patients And Methods: We carried out an observational, prospective and transversal study at Family Medicine Units 62 and 64 of the Mexico State Delegation, located in the urban area of Mexico City. Women with lesser than 32 weeks of pregnancy without urinary tract symptoms were included.

[Acute cystitis in women with type 2 diabetes. Three antimicrobial schemes].

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and secondary effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and acute community-acquired cystitis.

Methods: A randomized single blind clinical trial was conducted in the family medicine clinic No. 91 of Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in Coacalco, Mexico.

[Differences of risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes patients in urban and suburban populations].

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetes patients and to measure the strength of the association of selected risk factors.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study including two hundred and fifty-two type 2 diabetes patients older than 40 years was conducted in three family medicine clinics, one clinic located within the city and two clinics in the suburb. PAD was diagnosed by Doppler pulsed in the patients with an ankle/arm index < 0.

[Professional burnout in family physicians and its association with social demographic and labor factors].

Objective: To determinate the prevalence of burnout in family physicians of the Family Medicine Units in the Estado de México and its association with labor and socio demographics factors.

Material And Methods: A transversal study was made in five Family Medicine Units. 154 physicians of both sex participated in this study.

[Factors associated with complaints against physicians working at Mexican Institute of Social Security hospitals].

Objective: To identify the factors associated with complaints of patients against physicians who work at general hospitals of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (MISS).

Material And Methods: All the medical complaint files in a three-year period at the nine general hospitals of Mexico State MISS East District were examined. For each complaint filed, two control files were selected from the same hospital and clinical area.

[Development and initial validation of an instrument to measure the lifestyles of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients 2].

Objective: To develop and validate a specific instrument to measure lifestyle of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients.

Material And Methods: A longitudinal, observational, prospective study was conducted between March 2001 and April 2002 at family medicine healthcare units of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social Security (MISS)) in Mexico State's East District. A self-administered instrument (instrument to measure diabetic lifestyles, IMEVID) was designed to measure the lifestyles of diabetic patients.