Insights on the role of blocking agent on the properties of the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus immobilized on heterofunctional support for hydroesterification reactions.

Here, we report a study of the effect of the blocking agent on the properties of the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) immobilized on a heterofunctional support (Purolite C18-ethylnediamina (EDA)- vinyl sulfone (VS)-TLL-blocking agent) in different reactions. The performance of the biocatalysts was compared to those immobilized on standard hydrophobic support (Purolite C18-TLL) and the commercial one (TLL-IM). The nature of the blocking agent (Cys, Gly and Asp) altered the enzyme features.

Effect of the association of coagulation/flocculation, hydrodynamic cavitation, ozonation and activated carbon in landfill leachate treatment system.

Mature landfill wastewater is a complex effluent due to its low biodegradability and high organic matter content. Currently, mature leachate is treated on-site or transported to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Many WWTPs do not have the capacity to receive mature leachate due to its high organic load leading to an increase in the cost of transportation to treatment plants more adapted to this type of wastewater and the possibility of environmental impacts.

Tuning Immobilized Enzyme Features by Combining Solid-Phase Physicochemical Modification and Mineralization.

Lipase B from (CALB) and lipase from (TLL) were immobilized on octyl agarose. Then, the biocatalysts were chemically modified using glutaraldehyde, trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid or ethylenediamine and carbodiimide, or physically coated with ionic polymers, such as polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate. These produced alterations of the enzyme activities have, in most cases, negative effects with some substrates and positive with other ones (e.

The immobilization protocol greatly alters the effects of metal phosphate modification on the activity/stability of immobilized lipases.

Mineralization of immobilized enzymes has showed to couple the advantages of both processes. Here, the influence of the immobilization protocol on the effects of mineralization has been investigated. The lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus and Candida rugosa were immobilized on octyl-, vinyl sulfone (VS) octyl (blocked with different nucleophiles) and glutaraldehyde- (at different pH values) agarose beads.

Tuning Immobilized Commercial Lipase Preparations Features by Simple Treatment with Metallic Phosphate Salts.

Four commercial immobilized lipases biocatalysts have been submitted to modifications with different metal (zinc, cobalt or copper) phosphates to check the effects of this modification on enzyme features. The lipase preparations were LipozymeTL (TLL-IM) (lipase from ), Lipozyme435 (L435) (lipase B from ), LipozymeRM (RML-IM), and LipuraSelect (LS-IM) (both from lipase from ). The modifications greatly altered enzyme specificity, increasing the activity versus some substrates (e.

Effects of Avermectins on the Environment Based on Its Toxicity to Plants and Soil Invertebrates-a Review.

Avermectins are pharmaceutical drugs widely used mainly in livestock to combat both ectoparasites and endoparasites. Drugs belonging to this family include ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin, selamectin, eprinomectin, and emamectin benzoate, and they share similar chemical characteristics. When administered to livestock, between 80 and 98% of the drug is estimated to leave the body without being metabolized in feces, thus reaching the soil.

Environmentally realistic concentrations of eprinomectin induce phytotoxic and genotoxic effects in Allium cepa.

Eprinomectin, a veterinary drug within the family of avermectins, is widely used in the agricultural sector to combat a variety of parasites, mainly nematodes. However, only 10% of the drug is metabolized in the organism, so large quantities of the drug are released into the environment through urine and/or feces. Soil is the first and main environmental compartment to be contaminated by it, and nontargeted organisms can be affected.

Stabilization of immobilized lipases by treatment with metallic phosphate salts.

Lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), Rhizomucor miehei (RML), Candida rugosa (CRL), forms A and B of lipase from Candida antarctica (CALA and CALB) and Eversa Transform 2.0 have been immobilized on octyl-agarose beads at two different loads (1 mg/g and saturated support) and treated with phosphate and/or some metallic salts (Zn, Co, Cu). They have been also immobilized on the support modified by the metallic phosphate, usually driving to biocatalyst with lower stability or marginal improvements.

Intraoperative frozen section performance for thyroid cancer diagnosis.

Objective: A primary medical relevance of thyroid nodules consists of excluding thyroid cancer, present in approximately 5% of all thyroid nodules. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has a paramount role in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules due to its availability and diagnostic performance. Nevertheless, intraoperative frozen section (iFS) is still advocated as a valuable tool for surgery planning, especially for indeterminate nodules.

Evaluation of residual antimicrobial activity and acute toxicity during the degradation of gatifloxacin by ozonation.

The concerns regarding the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants have increased in the last decades. Gatifloxacin (GAT), the fourth generation of fluoroquinolones, has been widely used to treat both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and has a limited metabolization. The present study aimed to evaluate ozonation as a technique to degrade GAT.

Long-term ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in combination with caffeine on the microalga .

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is an antimicrobial "pseudo-persistent" in aquatic ecosystems. Once dispersed in the water compartments, it can also affect the microalgae. Thus, the evaluation of its long-term ecotoxicological effects is necessary.

Reviewing research on the synthesis of CALB-catalyzed sugar esters incorporating systematic mapping principles.

Rigorous evidence reviews must follow specific guidelines designed to improve transparency, reproducibility, and to minimize biases to which traditional reviews are susceptible. While evidence synthesis methods, such as systematic reviews and maps, have been used in several research fields, the majority of reviews published in the realm of chemical engineering are nonsystematic. In this study, we incorporated principles of systematic mapping to conduct a literature review covering research on the synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters (SFAE) with lipase B (CALB).

SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review of indoor air sampling for virus detection.

In a post-pandemic scenario, indoor air monitoring may be required seeking to safeguard public health, and therefore well-defined methods, protocols, and equipment play an important role. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, this manuscript presents a literature review on indoor air sampling methods to detect viruses, especially SARS-CoV-2. The review was conducted using the following online databases: Web of Science, Science Direct, and PubMed, and the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" to combine the following keywords: air sampler, coronavirus, COVID-19, indoor, and SARS-CoV-2.

Sulfaquinoxaline Oxidation and Toxicity Reduction by Photo-Fenton Process.

Sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) has been detected in environmental water samples, where its side effects are still unknown. To the best of our knowledge, its oxidation by Fenton and photo-Fenton processes has not been previously reported. In this study, SQX oxidation, mineralization, and toxicity ( and bacteria) were evaluated at two different setups: laboratory bench (2 L) and pilot plant (15 L).

Degradation of antidepressant pharmaceuticals by photoperoxidation in diverse water matrices: a highlight in the evaluation of acute and chronic toxicity.

Photoperoxidation (UV/HO) was used to degrade three of the worldwide most consumed antidepressant pharmaceuticals-bupropion, escitalopram, and fluoxetine-in ultrapure water, drinking tap water, surface water, and reclaimed water. The study was performed with antidepressants in concentration levels in which these compounds usually occur in the water matrices. Online solid-phase extraction coupled to UHPLC-MS/MS was used to quantify the analytes during degradation studies.

Immobilization of Eversa Transform via CLEA Technology Converts It in a Suitable Biocatalyst for Biolubricant Production Using Waste Cooking Oil.

The performance of the previously optimized magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregate of Eversa (Eversa-mCLEA) in the enzymatic synthesis of biolubricants by transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with different alcohols has been evaluated. Eversa-mCLEA showed good activities using these alcohols, reaching a transesterification activity with isoamyl alcohol around 10-fold higher than with methanol. Yields of isoamyl fatty acid ester synthesis were similar using WCO or refined oil, confirming that this biocatalyst could be utilized to transform this residue into a valuable product.

Degradation of benzimidazoles by photoperoxidation: metabolites detection and ecotoxicity assessment using Raphidocelis subcapitata microalgae and Vibrio fischeri.

Benzimidazoles (BZ) are among the most used drugs to treat parasitic diseases in both human and veterinary medicine. In this study, solutions fortified with albendazole (ABZ), fenbendazole (FBZ), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were subjected to photoperoxidation (UV/HO). The hydroxyl radicals generated by the process removed up to 99% of ABZ, and FBZ, in the highest dosage of HO (i.

Removal of the antimicrobial activity from fortified effluents with fluoroquinolones by photocatalytic processes: a comparative study of differently synthesized TiO-N.

This study presents a comparison of three methods for TiO-N synthesis that were applied in the photocatalytic oxidation of the fluoroquinolones (FQs) ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and lomefloxacin in aqueous solution. The TiO-N bandgap is small enough to allow the use of solar energy in the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reactions. The TiO doped by a sol-gel method with titanium butoxide (TiO-N-BUT) and titanium isopropoxide (TiO-N-PROP) as the precursor were effective as the TiO (P25) impregnation with urea (TiO-N-P25) to degrade the FQs.

Pre-ozonation of surface water: An effective water treatment process to reduce the risk of infection by Giardia in drinking water.

Giardia is a protozoan parasite of primary concern for the drinking water industry. High contact times are required for Giardia inactivation by chlorination, while ozonation may be effective at much lower Ct products. In this study, we have assessed the occurrence of Giardia cysts in raw water, and in chlorinated or ozonated water from a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in Brazil, over a 16-month period.

Neoadjuvant Multikinase Inhibitor in Patients With Locally Advanced Unresectable Thyroid Carcinoma.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common and less aggressive thyroid cancer, but some patients may display locally advanced disease. Therapeutic options are limited in these cases, particularly for those patients with unresectable tumors. Neoadjuvant therapy is not part of the recommended work up.

Photocatalytic removal of fluoroquinolones and their antimicrobial activity from water matrices at trace levels: a comparison of commercial TiO catalysts.

In this study, a solution containing the fluoroquinolones (FQs) ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and ofloxacin (antimicrobial agents) was subjected to photocatalytic oxidation under UVA irradiation, employing the commercial titanium dioxide as catalyst. On-line solid phase extraction coupled to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy was used to pre-concentrate and quantify the analytes. The process provided an almost 95% degradation efficiency for all the FQs.

Evaluation of Strategies to Produce Highly Porous Cross-Linked Aggregates of Porcine Pancreas Lipase with Magnetic Properties.

The preparation of highly porous magnetic crosslinked aggregates (pm-CLEA) of porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) is reported. Some strategies to improve the volumetric activity of the immobilized biocatalyst were evaluated, such as treatment of PPL with enzyme surface-modifying agents (polyethyleneimine or dodecyl aldehyde), co-aggregation with protein co-feeders (bovine serum albumin and/or soy protein), use of silica magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with amino groups (SMNPs) as separation aid, and starch as pore-making agent. The combination of enzyme surface modification with dodecyl aldehyde, co-aggregation with SMNPs and soy protein, in the presence of 0.

Pre-ozonation of source water: Assessment of efficacy against Giardia duodenalis cysts and effects on natural organic matter.

The protozoan Giardia duodenalis is one of the parasites of primary concern in drinking water treatment plants, due to its resistance to chlorination. Another matter of concern regarding chlorination of drinking water is the formation of disinfection by-products in the presence of precursors such as natural organic matter (NOM). In this study, the effects of ozonation (5 mg L) on G.

Advanced oxidation processes on doxycycline degradation: monitoring of antimicrobial activity and toxicity.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been highly efficient in degrading contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). This study investigated the efficiency of photolysis, peroxidation, photoperoxidation, and ozonation at different pH values to degrade doxycycline (DC) in three aqueous matrices: fountain, tap, and ultrapure water. More than 99.

Robotic Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR): is it possible to offer minimally invasive surgery for abdominal wall complex defects?

We describe the preliminary national experience and the early results of the use of robotic surgery to perform the posterior separation of abdominal wall components by the Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR) technique for the correction of complex defects of the abdominal wall. We performed the procedures between 04/2/2015 and 06/15/2015 and the follow-up time was up to six months, with a minimum of two months. The mean surgical time was five hours and 40 minutes.