The clinical value of β-blockers in patients with stable angina.

Stable angina, one manifestation of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), is characterised by intermittent episodes of insufficient blood supply to the myocardium, provoking symptoms of myocardial ischaemia, particularly chest pain. These attacks usually occur during exercise or stress. Anti-ischaemic drugs are the mainstay of pharmacologic management of CCS with symptoms of angina.

Preventing and managing cardiovascular events in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases treated with small-molecule drugs, an international Delphi consensus.

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators are small molecule drugs (SMDs) approved for IBD treatment. Their use in clinical practice might be limited due to cardiovascular concerns. We aimed to provide guidance on risk assessment, monitoring, and management strategies, aiming to minimize potential cardiovascular risks of SMDs and to facilitate an adequate shared decision-making.

Tricuspid Regurgitation and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The extent of cardiac damage associated with aortic stenosis has important prognostic implications after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, the role of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in this clinical setting is still unclear.

Objectives: To explore the association between TR and mortality in patients undergoing TAVR and assess changes in TR severity post TAVR and its relationship with short and mid-term mortality.

Decellularized Wharton Jelly Implants Do Not Trigger Collagen and Cartilaginous Tissue Production in Tracheal Injury in Rabbits.

Background: Tracheal lesions are pathologies derived from the most diverse insults that can result in a fatal outcome. Despite the number of techniques designed for the treatment, a limiting factor is the extent of the extraction. Therefore, strategies with biomaterials can restructure tissues and maintain the organ's functionality, like decellularized Wharton's jelly (WJ) as a scaffold.

Challenges faced by patients with dyslipidemia and systemic arterial hypertension in Brazil: a design of the patient journey.

Background And Objective: Non-communicable diseases like systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and dyslipidemia are poorly studied in terms of patient journey aspects. This semi-systematic review provides evidence synthesis for the management of SAH and dyslipidemia in Brazil and also discusses challenges faced by patients at the local level along with a suggested care approach by local experts.

Methods: A semi-systematic review using both structured literature databases (Embase and Medline) and unstructured scientific records (WHO, IPD, MOH and Google) on hypertension and dyslipidemia in the English language from 2010 to 2019 was performed by reviewers.

Achievement of LDL-Cholesterol Goals after Acute Myocardial Infarction: Real-World Data from the City of Curitiba Public Health System.

Background: Reduction of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) levels is the cornerstone in risk reduction, but many high-risk patients are not achieving the recommended lipid goals, even in high-income countries.

Objective: To evaluate whether patients seen in the city of Curitiba public health system are reaching LDL-c goals after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: This retrospective cohort explored the data of patients admitted with AMI between 2008 and 2015 in public hospitals from the city of Curitiba.

Association between anthropometric measures and insulin resistance in Brazilian adolescents: data from the national study of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents - ERICA.

Objectives: To evaluate anthropometric measures (AM) and insulin resistance (IR) association in adolescents aged 12-17 years and investigates how body mass index (BMI) interrelates with specific indicators of fat distribution in this association.

Methods: This analysis is from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) study, a national, cross-sectional study. AM was categorized by quartiles, and their means and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated.

Obesity and COVID-19 in Latin America: A tragedy of two pandemics-Official document of the Latin American Federation of Obesity Societies.

In May 2020, Latin America became the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, a region already afflicted by social disparities, poor healthcare access, inadequate nutrition and a large prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Obesity and its comorbidities are increasingly prevalent in Latin America, with a more rapid growth in individuals with lower income, and currently a disease associated with COVID-19 severity, complications and death. In this document, the Latin American Association of Obesity Societies and collaborators present a review of the burden of two pandemics in Latin America, discuss possible mechanisms that explain their relationship with each other and provide public health and individual recommendations, as well as questions for future studies.

Correction: Management of Cardiovascular Disease Patients With Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19 in Limited Resource Settings.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5334/gh.823.

Management of Cardiovascular Disease Patients With Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19 in Limited Resource Settings.

In this paper, we provide recommendations on the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with confirmed or suspected coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to facilitate the decision making of healthcare professionals in low resource settings. The emergence of novel coronavirus disease, also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has presented an unprecedented global challenge for the healthcare community. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to get transmitted during the asymptomatic phase and its high infectivity have led to the rapid transmission of COVID-19 beyond geographic regions, leading to a pandemic.

Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma Enhance the Healing Process of Tendinitis in Mice.

Objective: Achilles tendon pathologies occur frequently and have a significant socioeconomic impact. Currently, there is no evidence on the best treatment for these pathologies. Cell therapy has been studied in several animal models, and encouraging results have been observed with respect to tissue regeneration.

Regeneration of Tracheal Tissue in Partial Defects Using Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosa.

Background: Surgical correction of tracheal defects is a complex procedure when the gold standard treatment with primary end-to-end anastomosis is not possible. An alternative treatment may be the use of porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS). It has been used as graft material for bioengineering applications and to promote tissue regeneration.

A randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of sulphonylurea gliclazide MR (modified release) and the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on glycemic variability and control measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in Brazilian women with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: This study aims to evaluate whether there is a difference between the effects of vildagliptin and gliclazide MR (modified release) on glycemic variability (GV) in women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Methods: An open-label, randomized study was conducted in T2DM women on steady-dose metformin monotherapy which were treated with 50 mg vildagliptin twice daily or 60-120 mg of gliclazide MR once daily. CGM and GV indices calculation were performed at baseline and after 24 weeks.

Impact of a High-Intensity Training on Ventricular Function in Rats After Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Physical exercise should be part of the treatment of post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of two training prescription models (continuous x interval) and its impact on ventricular function in rats after AMI with normal ventricular function.

Methods: Forty Wistar rats were evaluated by echocardiography 21 days after the AMI.

Prevalence of high cholesterol levels suggestive of familial hypercholesterolemia in Brazilian adolescents: Data from the study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with an estimated worldwide prevalence ranging from 1 in 200 individuals to 1 in 500 individuals in its heterozygous form. Individuals with FH exhibit high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) levels from birth, which leads to premature cardiovascular events. In Brazil, like in most countries around the world, FH is considered a public health problem but remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Achieved systolic blood pressure in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: It remains unclear into which level the systolic blood pressure (SBP) should be lowered in order to provide the best cardiovascular protection among older people. Hypertension guidelines recommendation on attaining SBP levels <150 mmHg in this population is currently based on experts' opinion. To clarify this issue, we systematically reviewed and quantified available evidence on the impact of achieving different SBP levels <150 mmHg on various adverse outcomes in subjects aged ≥60 years old receiving antihypertensive drug treatment.

Waist Circumference is Associated with Blood Pressure in Children with Normal Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 3,417 School Children.

Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity and associated conditions, such as hypertension, has become a major problem of public health. Although waist circumference (WC) is a marker of cardiovascular risk in adults, it is unclear whether this index is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in children.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the association between increased WC and elevated blood pressure (BP) in children with normal body mass index (BMI) ranges.

Exploring the Barriers to and Facilitators of Using Evidence-Based Drugs in the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: Findings From a Multistakeholder, Qualitative Analysis.

Background: Health-system barriers and facilitators associated with cardiovascular medication adherence have seldom been studied, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where uptake rates are poorest.

Objectives: This study sought to explore the major obstacles and facilitators to the use of evidence-supported medications for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease using qualitative analysis in 2 diverse countries across multiple levels of their health care systems.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive study approach was implemented in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Delhi, India.

World Heart Federation Cholesterol Roadmap.

Background: The World Heart Federation has undertaken an initiative to develop a series of Roadmaps.

Objectives: The aim of these is to promote development of national policies and health systems approaches and identify potential roadblocks on the road to effective prevention, detection and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), and strategies for overcoming these. This Roadmap focuses on elevated blood cholesterol, a leading risk factor for myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease.

A Randomized Open-Label Trial to Assess the Effect of Plant Sterols Associated with Ezetimibe in Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease on Statin Therapy.

Consumption of food products enriched with plant sterols and the use of ezetimibe reduce cholesterol absorption in the intestine and effectively reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plasma levels. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of the ezetimibe+plant sterol association in patients with coronary artery disease still not reaching recommended lipid levels despite the use of statins. We performed a prospective open-label study with 41 patients with stable coronary disease and LDL >70 mg/dL.

Statin-associated muscle symptoms: position paper from the Luso-Latin American Consortium.

In the last two decades, statin therapy has proved to be the most potent isolated therapy for attenuation of cardiovascular risk. Its frequent use has been seen as one of the most important elements for the reduction of cardiovascular mortality in developed countries. However, the recurrent incidence of muscle symptoms in statin users raised the possibility of causal association, leading to a disease entity known as statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS).