Extracellular vesicles in tumor-adipose tissue crosstalk: key drivers and therapeutic targets in cancer cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by unintentional loss of skeletal muscle and body fat. This syndrome is frequently associated with different types of cancer and negatively affects the prognosis and outcome of these patients. It involves a dynamic interplay between tumor cells and adipose tissue, where tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in mediating intercellular communication.

Biophysical analysis of the membrane-proximal Venus Flytrap domain of ESAG4 receptor-like adenylate cyclase from Trypanosoma brucei.

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei possesses a large family of transmembrane receptor-like adenylate cyclases (RACs), primarily located to the flagellar surface and involved in sensing of the extracellular environment. RACs exhibit a conserved topology characterized by a large N-terminal extracellular moiety harbouring two Venus Flytrap (VFT) bilobate structures separated from an intracellular catalytic domain by a single transmembrane helix. RAC activation, which typically occurs under mild acid stress, requires the dimerization of the intracellular catalytic domain.

Liver transcriptome and proteome are modulated by nutrient restriction in early lactation cows challenged with intramammary lipopolysaccharide.

The objective was to evaluate the effects of nutrient restriction on liver function 24 h after an intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in early lactation cows using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Multiparous Holstein cows were fed a lactation diet (CONT, n = 8) throughout the study or were switched to a diet diluted with barley straw (48 % DM) for 96 h (REST, n = 8) starting at 24 (18 to 30) days in milk. At 72 h, a healthy rear mammary quarter was infused with 50 μg of LPS in all cows.

Native Microalgae-Bacteria Consortia: A Sustainable Approach for Effective Urban Wastewater Bioremediation and Disinfection.

Urban wastewater is a significant by-product of human activities. Conventional urban wastewater treatment plants have limitations in their treatment, mainly concerning the low removal efficiency of conventional and emerging contaminants. Discharged wastewater also contains harmful microorganisms, posing risks to public health, especially by spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes.

Surfactant-Mediated Microalgal Flocculation: Process Efficiency and Kinetic Modelling.

Microalgae are a valuable source of lipids, proteins, and pigments, but there are challenges in large-scale production, especially in harvesting. Existing methods lack proven efficacy and cost-effectiveness. However, flocculation, an energy-efficient technique, is emerging as a promising solution.

Camera trap surveys of Atlantic Forest mammals: A data set for analyses considering imperfect detection (2004-2020).

Camera traps became the main observational method of a myriad of species over large areas. Data sets from camera traps can be used to describe the patterns and monitor the occupancy, abundance, and richness of wildlife, essential information for conservation in times of rapid climate and land-cover changes. Habitat loss and poaching are responsible for historical population losses of mammals in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, especially for medium to large-sized species.

Microalgae-Based Remediation of Real Textile Wastewater: Assessing Pollutant Removal and Biomass Valorisation.

The textile industry generates highly contaminated wastewater. It severely threatens local ecosystems without proper treatment, significantly diminishing biodiversity near the discharge point. With rapid growth rates, microalgae offer an effective solution to mitigate the environmental impact of textile wastewater, and the generated biomass can be valorised.

Comparative assessment of microalgal growth kinetic models based on light intensity and biomass concentration.

The comprehensive evaluation and validation of mathematical models for microalgal growth dynamics are essential for improving cultivation efficiency and optimising photobioreactor design. A considerable gap in comprehending the relation between microalgal growth, light intensity and biomass concentration arises since many studies focus solely on associating one of these factors. This paper compares microalgal growth kinetic models, specifically focusing on the combined impact of light intensity and biomass concentration.

Milk fat miRNome changes in response to LPS challenge in Holstein cows.

Mastitis is an inflammatory disease in dairy cows, causing economic losses and reducing animal welfare. In order to contribute for the discovery of early and noninvasive indicators, our objective was to determine the effects of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on the microRNA profile (miRNome) of milk fat, using microarray analyses in cows. Cows were fed a lactation diet at ad libitum intake (n = 6).

Microalgae to Bioenergy: Optimization of sp. Saccharification.

Microalgae are a promising feedstock for bioethanol production, essentially due to their high growth rates and absence of lignin. Hydrolysis-where the monosaccharides are released for further fermentation-is considered a critical step, and its optimization is advised for each raw material. The present study focuses on the thermal acid hydrolysis (with sulfuric acid) of sp.

Differential Protein and Glycan Packaging into Extracellular Vesicles in Response to 3D Gastric Cancer Cellular Organization.

Alterations of the glycosylation machinery are common events in cancer, leading to the synthesis of aberrant glycan structures by tumor cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a modulatory role in cancer communication and progression, and interestingly, several tumor-associated glycans have already been identified in cancer EVs. Nevertheless, the impact of 3D tumor architecture in the selective packaging of cellular glycans into EVs has never been addressed.

Microalgal cultures for the remediation of wastewaters with different nitrogen to phosphorus ratios: Process modelling using artificial neural networks.

Microalgae have remarkable potential for wastewater bioremediation since they can efficiently uptake nitrogen and phosphorus in a sustainable and environmentally friendly treatment system. However, wastewater composition greatly depends on its source and has a significant seasonal variability. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different N:P molar ratios on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and nutrient removal from synthetic wastewater.

Microalgae systems - environmental agents for wastewater treatment and further potential biomass valorisation.

Water is the most valuable resource on the planet. However, massive anthropogenic activities generate threatening levels of biological, organic, and inorganic pollutants that are not efficiently removed in conventional wastewater treatment systems. High levels of conventional pollutants (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), emerging chemical contaminants such as antibiotics, and pathogens (namely antibiotic-resistant ones and related genes) jeopardize ecosystems and human health.

Genome-wide SNP genotyping as a simple and practical tool to accelerate the development of inbred lines in outbred tree species: An example in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.).

Cacao is a globally important crop with a long history of domestication and selective breeding. Despite the increased use of elite clones by cacao farmers, worldwide plantations are established mainly using hybrid progeny material derived from heterozygous parents, therefore displaying high tree-to-tree variability. The deliberate development of hybrids from advanced inbred lines produced by successive generations of self-pollination has not yet been fully considered in cacao breeding.

Biogas production from residual marine macroalgae biomass: Kinetic modelling approach.

Modelling the conversion of residual biomass to renewable fuels is of high relevance to promote the development of effective technological solutions. The present study compares the performance of five different kinetic models (pseudo-first-order kinetics, logistics, modified Gompertz, double-Gompertz, and multi-Gompertz) to describe the cumulative methane production during a low-solids anaerobic digestion of marine macroalgae waste. Different substrate concentrations were evaluated (0.

Risk factors for Central Nervous System drug use among nursing students.

Objectives: to verify sociodemographic, academic and health risk factors for Central Nervous System drug use among nursing students.

Methods: a cross-sectional study with 199 public undergraduate students from Ceará, using Characterization Instrument, Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Fischer's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test were performed, verifying an association between variables.

Microalgal Cultures for the Bioremediation of Urban Wastewaters in the Presence of Siloxanes.

Microalgae are widely used in the bioremediation of wastewaters due to their efficient removal of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Siloxanes are CECs that reach wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), leading to the production of biogas enriched with these compounds, associated with the breakdown of cogeneration equipment. The biological removal of siloxanes from wastewaters could be a sustainable alternative to the costly existing technologies, but no investigation has been performed using microalgal cultures for this purpose.

Tunning CO Separation Performance of Ionic Liquids through Asymmetric Anions.

This work aims to explore the gas permeation performance of two newly-designed ionic liquids, [Cmim][CFBF] and [Cmim][CFSOC(CN)], in supported ionic liquid membranes (SILM) configuration, as another effort to provide an overall insight on the gas permeation performance of functionalized-ionic liquids with the [Cmim] cation. [Cmim][CFBF] and [Cmim][CFSOC(CN)] single gas separation performance towards CO, N, and CH at T = 293 K and T = 308 K were measured using the time-lag method. Assessing the CO permeation results, [Cmim][CFBF] showed an undermined value of 710 Barrer at 293.

Receptor Interactions of Angiotensin II and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers-Relevance to COVID-19.

Angiotensin II (Ang II) may contain a charge relay system (CRS) involving Tyr/His/carboxylate, which creates a tyrosinate anion for receptor activation. Energy calculations were carried out to determine the preferred geometry for the CRS in the presence and absence of the Arg guanidino group occupying position 2 of Ang II. These findings suggest that Tyr is preferred over His for bearing the negative charge and that the CRS is stabilized by the guanidino group.

Empirical ozone isopleths at urban and suburban sites through evolutionary procedure-based models.

Ozone (O) is a reactive oxidant that causes chronic effects on human health, vegetation, ecosystems and materials. This study aims to create O isopleths in urban and suburban environments, based on machine learning with air quality data collected from 2001 to 2017 at urban (EA) and suburban (CC) monitoring stations from Madrid (Spain). Artificial neural network (ANN) models have powerful fitting performance, describing correctly several complex and nonlinear relationships such as O and his precursors (VOC and NO).

Nutrigenomic analyses reveal miRNAs and mRNAs affected by feed restriction in the mammary gland of midlactation dairy cows.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feed restriction on mammary miRNAs and coding gene expression in midlactation cows. Five Holstein cows and 6 Montbéliarde cows underwent 6 days of feed restriction, during which feed allowance was reduced to meet 50% of their net energy for lactation requirements. Mammary biopsies were performed before and at the end of the restriction period.

NMR structure and dynamics of Q4DY78, a conserved kinetoplasid-specific protein from Trypanosoma cruzi.

The 106-residue protein Q4DY78 (UniProt accession number) from Trypanosoma cruzi is highly conserved in the related kinetoplastid pathogens Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major. Given the essentiality of its orthologue in T. brucei, the high sequence conservation with other trypanosomatid proteins, and the low sequence similarity with mammalian proteins, Q4DY78 is an attractive protein for structural characterization.

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics.

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae.