Approach to the diagnosis of unusual carpal ankylosis from ancient Egypt.

Objectives: Carpal fusion is not an uncommon finding in archaeological bones. The majority of cases are due to inflammatory or infectious diseases and those are usually associated with other major alterations in the skeleton.

Methods: Two distinct individual cases, both adult females recovered from the Necropolis of Sharuna in the Middle Egypt from the Ptolemaic Period (IV to I BC) are presented in this study.

Anatomical relations of anterior and posterior ankle arthroscopy portals: a cadaveric study.

Background: Ankle arthroscopy is an increasingly used technique. Knowledge of the anatomical structures in relation to its portals is paramount to avoid complications.

Methods: Twenty cadaveric ankles were analysed to assess the distance between relevant neurovascular structures to the anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, and posterolateral arthroscopy portals.

Peripheral venous embolized intracardiac foreign body.

Embolized intracardiac foreign bodies have been previously described in the literature. Those related to iatrogenic procedures, such as catheters and pacemaker electrodes, are the most common. However, traumatic embolization of a metal foreign body is scantily described.