Entangled States Induced by Electron-Phonon Interaction in Two-Dimensional Materials.

We report on the effects of electron-phonon interaction in materials such as graphene, showing that it enables the formation of a gap bridged by unique edge states. These states exhibit a distinctive locking among propagation direction, valley, and phonon mode, allowing for the generation of electron-phonon entangled states whose parts can be easily split. We discuss the effect of the chiral atomic motion in the zone boundary phonons leading to this effect.

Inducing a topological transition in graphene nanoribbon superlattices by external strain.

Armchair graphene nanoribbons, when forming a superlattice, can be classified into different topological phases, with or without edge states. By means of tight-binding and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we studied the electronic and mechanical properties of some of these superlattices. MD shows that fracture in modulated superlattices is brittle, as for unmodulated ribbons, and occurs at the thinner regions, with staggered superlattices achieving a larger fracture strain than inline superlattices.

Efficacy and tolerability of a low-residue diet for bowel preparation: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) contributes significantly to cancer mortality worldwide. In an effort to reduce the risk of death, detection of polyps through colonoscopy is crucial. The success of the colonoscopy depends on the diet administered the day before the test.

[Lung cancer diagnosed by transesophageal ecoendoscopy and fine needle aspiration biopsy].

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Pulmonary nodules located in the vicinity of the mediastinum, retrocardiac, near the aorta or pulmonary vessels, and in front of the spine, may be difficult to access through a percutaneous or bronchoscopic approach. Fine needle aspiration/biopsy guided by transesophageal echoendoscopy (EUS-FNA/FNB) is a minimally invasive method with low morbidity that could allow access to lesions in these places.

Gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis for critically ill patients: a clinical practice guideline.

Clinical Question: What is the role of gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis (stress ulcer prophylaxis) in critically ill patients? This guideline was prompted by the publication of a new large randomised controlled trial.

Current Practice: Gastric acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) is commonly done to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Existing guidelines vary in their recommendations of which population to treat and which agent to use.

A chemical theory of topological insulators.

Research on topological insulators (TIs) has experienced an exponential growth in the last few years, promising new technological applications in fields ranging from electronics to quantum computing. However, the strong condensed matter physical background that is needed to understand the exotic electronic structure of TIs has precluded its dissemination into the chemistry community. In this work we use chemistry-like models (e.

Experts' responses in script concordance tests: a response process validity investigation.

Context: The script concordance test (SCT), designed to measure clinical reasoning in complex cases, has recently been the subject of several critical research studies. Amongst other issues, response process validity evidence remains lacking. We explored the response processes of experts on an SCT scoring panel to better understand their seemingly divergent beliefs about how new clinical data alter the suitability of proposed actions within simulated patient cases.

Prevalence of incidental clinically relevant pancreatic cysts at diagnosis based on current guidelines.

Background: Most pancreatic cysts (PCs) found incidentally by CT and MRI scans might not be clinically important according to the Fukuoka guidelines, the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) guidelines and European guidelines.

Aims: To determine and compare the prevalence of incidental clinically important PCs (CIPCs).

Methods: Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT or MRI scans performed during a one-year period were retrospectively reviewed to identify incidental PCs.

[Adrenal insufficiency in cirrhotic patients].

Relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) is a common finding in cirrhotic patients with severe sepsis, and increased mortality. Its significance is unknown in stable conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of RAI in stable cirrhotic patients at different stages of the disease.

The Use of Standard Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Ultrasound to Assess Cardiac Anatomy.

In this prospective observational study, conducted at an academic medical center, we evaluated the feasibility of performing a basic transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) technology to determine what cardiac structures could be assessed. This may be potentially beneficial during hemodynamic emergencies in the endoscopy suite resulting from hypovolemia, depressed ventricular function, aortic dissection, pericardial effusions, or aortic stenosis. Of the 20 patients enrolled, 18 underwent EUS with a linear echoendoscope for standard clinical indications followed by a cardiac assessment performed under the guidance of a TEE-certified cardiac anesthesiologist.

Risk of Metachronous Advanced Neoplastic Lesions in Patients with Sporadic Sessile Serrated Adenomas Undergoing Colonoscopic Surveillance.

Objectives: The risk of developing metachronous advanced neoplastic lesions (ANLs) during surveillance after resection of sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) has not been quantified.

Methods: Patients with sporadic SSAs resected between 1 April 2007 and 31 December 2009 who underwent surveillance colonoscopy in our institution were prospectively evaluated. Patients with low-risk adenomas (LRAs), high-risk adenomas (HRAs), and negative index colonoscopy (NIC) during the same period were identified using the pathology database and electronic medical records, and were also included as a comparison cohort.

[Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledocho-duodenostomy in advanced pancreatic cancer with duodenal obstruction].

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is considered the first-approach for biliary drainage. In cases of ERCP failure, patients are usually referred for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage or surgical biliary bypass. In the last decade, the indications of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the management of patients with pancreatic cancer have increased, and numerous cases of EUS-guided biliary drainage have been reported in patients with failures during the ERCP.

Meal ingestion markedly increases liver stiffness suggesting the need for liver stiffness determination in fasting conditions.

Introduction: The introduction of noninvasive liver stiffness (LS) determination has heralded a new stage in the diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis.

Aim: We evaluated the effect of food intake on LS in patients with different degrees of liver disease.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated 24 patients (F≤1, n=11 and F> 1, n=13).

Use of a cap in single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.

Background And Study Aim: Cannulation of the native papilla in surgically altered anatomy is difficult in endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). There are limited data regarding the success of single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted ERC (SBE-ERC) in patients with a native papilla and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Use of a plastic cap may assist cannulation in these cases.

Finding sessile serrated adenomas: is it possible to identify them during conventional colonoscopy?

Background And Aim: Proximal colorectal cancer may arise from sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs). Recognition of these lesions during colonoscopy can optimize the endoscopic approach. We aimed to identify specific endoscopic features of SSA with conventional colonoscopy.

[Colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy].

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide and also in Argentina. In the past few years colorectal cancer screening has become more popular and colonoscopy has been postulated as the gold standard. In this review we analyzed the evidence supporting this method in contrast with its complications and disadvantages.

Risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with celiac disease: a multicenter study.

Background And Aims: The association of celiac disease with colorectal neoplasia is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of colorectal neoplasia among patients with celiac disease.

Methods: We carried out a multicenter, retrospective case-control study, within four community hospitals.

Risk of colorectal polyps in patients with sporadic gastric polyps: A case-control study.

Aim: To assess the risk of colonic polyps, adenomas and advanced neoplastic lesions (ANL) in patients with sporadic gastric polyps, especially those with fundic gland polyps (FGP).

Methods: Clinical records of patients who had performed an upper and a lower digestive endoscopy between September 2007 and August 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. A case-control study was carried out, calling patients with gastric polyps as "cases" and patients without gastric polyps as "controls".

[Cost analysis of liver transplantation in a community hospital: association with the Model for End-stage Liver Disease, a prognostic index to prioritize the most severe patients].

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) on transplantation costs.

Material And Methods: We included all patients who received a liver transplant for end-stage liver disease between 2006 and 2010. The study period encompassed the day of transplantation until hospital discharge.

[Prevalence of serrated adenomas of the colon and association with synchronic and metachronic neoplastic lesions].

Objective: To determine the prevalence of serrated adenomas (SA), the frequency of high grade dysplasia (HGD) and adenocarcinoma in these polyps, and the association with synchronic (SNL) and metachronic neoplastic lesions (MNL).

Methods: Reports from patients undergoing colonoscopy and polypectomy from January 2003 to April 2010, were obtained from our electronic database. SA were reanalyzed by two pathologists and classified on the basis of Snover's diagnostic criteria.

[Celiac disease and risk of colorectal neoplasia].

Background: Although small bowel and esophagus neoplasia are recognized to occur more frequently in patients with celiac disease, the association with colorectal cancer is still controversial.

Objective: To determine the risk of colorectal neoplasia among patients with celiac disease.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted using the gastroenterology and endoscopy unit electronic data base.

[Usefulness of transient elastography (Fibroscan®) in the assessment of fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease].

The prognosis and management of chronic liver disease largely depends on the extent and progression of liver fibrosis. Unfortunately, liver biopsy, an invasive and painful technique with several limitations, continues to be the gold standard for the staging and grading of fibrosis. Therefore, accurate noninvasive tests for liver injury are urgently needed.

[Diffuse gastric cancer associated with Ménétrier's disease].

Background: Ménétrier's disease is a rare disease of the stomach generally described as hypertrophic gastropathy. Its etiology is unknown and its malignant potential is controversial. Only a few reports supporting its association with gastric cancer have been found.

[Role of antibodies in celiac disease after one year of treatment to predict the adherence to gluten-free diet].

Introduction: The celiac disease (CD) is characterized by a permanent sensitivity to gluten. The treatment for this disease is the life-long strict compliance with a gluten-free diet (GFD). The average of compliance with GFD ranges between 15% and 80%.