Olfactory Training: Recommendation Frequency Amongst Rhinologists.

Despite the prevalence and health impact of olfactory dysfunction (OD), therapeutic options remain limited. One potential therapy is olfactory training (OT), where patients repeatedly sniff a small set of odors over several weeks with the goal of improving olfactory function. Although double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials supporting the efficacy of OT are lacking, anecdotal evidence suggests that the procedure is widely recommended to patients with anosmia or other olfactory disorders.

Association Between Smell Loss, Disease Burden, and Dupilumab Efficacy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

Objective: To evaluate the association between smell loss and other aspects of disease, and evaluate dupilumab efficacy in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and moderate or severe smell loss.

Methods: This post-hoc analysis of the SINUS-24/52 studies (NCT02912468/NCT02898454) analyzed nasal polyp score (NPS, 0-8), nasal congestion/obstruction (NC, 0-3), Lund-Mackay CT-scan score (LMK-CT, 0-24), rhinosinusitis severity visual analog scale (RS-VAS, 0-10), and 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22, 0-110) according to baseline monthly average patient-reported loss of smell scores (LoS, 0-3) of >1 to 2 (moderate) or >2 to 3 (severe) in patients randomized to dupilumab 300 mg or placebo every 2 weeks.

Results: Of 724 patients randomized, baseline LoS was severe in 601 (83%) and moderate in 106 (15%).

Quantitative Comparison of Chatbots on Common Rhinology Pathologies.

Objectives: Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of chatbots as a source of patient information is critical for providers in the rising artificial intelligence landscape. This study is the first to quantitatively analyze and compare four of the most used chatbots available regarding treatments of common pathologies in rhinology.

Methods: The treatment of epistaxis, chronic sinusitis, sinus infection, allergic rhinitis, allergies, and nasal polyps was asked to chatbots ChatGPT, ChatGPT Plus, Google Bard, and Microsoft Bing in May 2023.

Patient perspectives on chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis: Symptom prioritization in the era of highly effective modulator therapy.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is common in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). Rhinologic symptom prioritization and areas that influence CRS treatment choices, including pursuing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), remain understudied.

Methods: Adult PwCF + CRS were enrolled at eight centers into a prospective, observational study (2019-2023).

Allergic Rhinitis and Its Effect on Sleep.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is associated with increased sleep disturbances in adults and children. Pathogenesis is multifactorial, with nasal obstruction playing a large role. Intranasal corticosteroids, antihistamines, leukotriene inhibitors, and allergen immunotherapy have been demonstrated to relieve self-reported symptoms of sleep impairment.

All chronic rhinosinusitis endotype clusters demonstrate improvement in patient-reported and clinical outcome measures after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background: It is unclear whether chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) endotypes show a differential response to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We explored patient mucous inflammatory cytokine expression and associations with patient-reported and clinically measured post-operative outcome measures.

Methods: Patients with CRS were prospectively recruited between 2016 and 2021 into a national multicenter, observational study.

Species diversity and phylogeography of the group (Teleostei, Cichlidae) in eastern Brazil.

Unlabelled: Cichlid fishes are an important model system in evolutionary biology, primarily because of their exceptional diversity. However, while some cichlid assemblages, such as the ones of the African Great Lakes, have received considerable attention, others are not well studied, including many riverine species. Here, we focus on the species group and first report a new record of in the upper Paranaíba River drainage, extending the known distribution range of this genus.

International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis - 2023.

Background: In the 5 years that have passed since the publication of the 2018 International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2018), the literature has expanded substantially. The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update presents 144 individual topics on allergic rhinitis (AR), expanded by over 40 topics from the 2018 document. Originally presented topics from 2018 have also been reviewed and updated.

The association of gustatory dysfunction, olfactory dysfunction, and cognition in older adults.

Background: The association of gustatory dysfunction (GD) with quality of life (QOL) and cognition in older adults is understudied. Our objective was to study the prevalence of GD in the community and explore impacts and associated factors.

Methods: A prospective, multi-institutional, pre-corona virus disease (COVID) cohort of adults aged 50 years and older had smell and taste testing using "Sniffin' Sticks" (TDI) and "Taste Strips.

Evaluation and workup of immunodeficiencies in recurrent acute rhinosinusitis: A scoping review.

Background: Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDDs) may be a risk factor for development of recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS). There are currently no clear guidelines for the timing and methodology of PIDD testing in patients with RARS. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and analyze existing literature on this topic.

Integrative Taxonomy, Distribution and Ontogenetic Colouration Change in Neotropical Mountain Catfishes of the Group (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).

Catfishes of the genus comprise the most diverse fish group in mountain river basins crossing the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil, with a great concentration of species in the Rio Paraíba do Sul basin. The present study is directed to the group, endemic to the Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, comprising species commonly found associated with bottom leaf litter. Field studies revealed two sympatric, distinct colour morphs, one comprising small specimens with a black longitudinal stripe over a pale brown ground colour on the flank and another comprising a single larger specimen with small dark browns spots scattered over a pale-yellow ground colour.

Work productivity and activity impairment in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery-A prospective, multi-institutional study.

Background: Productivity loss and activity limitations due to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are known to contribute to the significant economic and personal burden of disease. The purpose of this study was to assess productivity and activity impairment before and after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for medically refractory CRS.

Methods: This investigation was a prospective, multi-institutional, observational cohort study.

Redesigning Journal Club to Improve Participant Satisfaction and Education.

Objective: Journal clubs are a fundamental part of medical training that allow residents and faculty to critically analyze literature, keep up-to-date with new advancements, and implement evidence-based medicine. The aim of this study was to describe one otolaryngology residency program's efforts towards reformatting its journal club, evaluate how well the re-designed format enabled participants to achieve journal club goals compared to the prior format, and assess faculty and resident qualitative perceptions of both formats.

Design: An 11-question survey was sent to all department faculty and residents to obtain feedback regarding the original journal club format.

Activation of platelet-adherent basophils in chronic rhinosinusitis with alcohol hypersensitivity.

Background: Alcohol hypersensitivity (AH), an exacerbation of respiratory symptoms in response to alcohol consumption, is common in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease and other forms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We speculated that these reactions relate to the activation of innate immune cells including basophils and, in particular, platelet-adherent basophils by polyphenolic compounds contained within eliciting alcoholic beverages.

Objective: We investigated the absolute numbers of these cells in patients with AH and the ability of relevant polyphenolic compounds to cause cellular activation.

Lower viral loads in subjects with rhinovirus-challenged allergy despite reduced innate immunity.

Background: Viral infections, especially those caused by rhinovirus, are the most common cause of asthma exacerbations. Previous studies have argued that impaired innate antiviral immunity and, as a consequence, more severe infections contribute to these exacerbations.

Objective: These studies explored the innate immune response in the upper airway of volunteers with allergic rhinitis and asthma in comparison to healthy controls and interrogated how these differences corresponded to severity of infection.

Phylogenetic Position of and Examination of Osteological Characters Diagnosing the Neotropical Catfish Genus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).

The Trichomycterinae is among the most diverse catfish groups in the world, with interesting ecological specializations; however, the taxonomy of Trichomycterinae is still problematic, mainly due to unclear limits and diagnoses of the eight included genera. Herein we infer the phylogenetic position and generic placement of , a recently described species from north-eastern Brazil, with unique morphological features among congeners. A multigene analysis including fragments of two nuclear and two mitochondrial genes (total of 2974 bp) for 53 trichomycterine taxa and three outgroups clearly supports inclusion of in , a trichomycterine genus containing 29 valid species, which is corroborated by osteological characters.

Imaging After Sinonasal Surgery.

Posttreatment imaging evaluation of sinuses encompasses a wide gamut of procedures, ranging from endoscopic procedures for sinonasal inflammatory diseases to markedly radical surgeries for malignant neoplasms (with or without reconstructions), as well as providing access for surgeries involving the anterior and central skull base. Advances in both techniques and devices have expanded the use of endoscopic approaches in managing both benign and malignant lesions, in addition to being the primary surgical method for treating all medically refractive sinonasal inflammatory disorders. Familiarity with the complex anatomy in the sinonasal region and knowledge of the various procedures is indispensable in interpreting these imaging studies.

Do Federal Regulations Affect Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Disparities in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Research?

Objective: The Food and Drug Administration and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have asserted that diverse demographic representation in clinical trials is essential. In light of these federal guidelines, the objective of this study is to assess the racial, ethnic, and gender demographics of patients enrolled in clinical trials registered with the NIH that evaluate chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) relative to the demographics of the US population.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Psychometric properties of the brief version of the questionnaire of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: The Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (QOD-NS) is a 17-item instrument measuring olfactory-specific quality of life (QOL). However, in clinical research patients can be overwhelmed with multiple questionnaires. We recently developed the 7-item brief QOD-NS (B-QOD).

Endotyping chronic rhinosinusitis based on olfactory cleft mucus biomarkers.

Background: Although chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is considered the most treatable form of olfactory dysfunction, there has been relatively little clinical attention focused on assessing endotypes as they pertain to olfactory loss.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to explore inflammatory endotypes in CRS using an unsupervised cluster analysis of olfactory cleft (OC) biomarkers in a phenotype-free approach.

Methods: Patients with CRS were prospectively recruited and psychophysical olfactory testing, Questionnaire of Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD-NS), and bilateral OC endoscopy were obtained.