Anthropometric parameters and permanent remission of comorbidities 10 years after open gastric bypass in a cohort with high prevalence of super-obesity.

Background And Aim: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective treatment for weight loss in patients with morbid obesity. However, few studies have assessed its long-term efficacy in super-obese patients. The study objective was to analyse the long-term effectiveness of RYGB and its effect on improvement of comorbidities after 10 years of follow-up, and to compare the results depending on baseline BMI (<50kg/m vs ≥50kg/m).

Increased thioredoxin levels are related to insulin resistance in familial combined hyperlipidaemia.

Background: Thioredoxins (TRX) are major cellular protein disulphide reductases that are critical for redox regulation. Oxidative stress and inflammation play promoting roles in the genesis and progression of atherosclerosis, but until now scarce data are available considering the influence of TRX activity in familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCH). Since FCH is associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease, the objective of the present study was to assess oxidative stress status in FCH patients, and evaluate the influence of insulin resistance (IR).

Validity of subjective global assessment as a screening method for hospital malnutrition. Prevalence of malnutrition in a tertiary hospital.

Introduction: Hospital malnutrition is a highly prevalent problem that affects patient morbidity and mortality resulting in longer hospital stays and increased healthcare costs. Although there is no single nutritional screening method, subjective global assessment (SGA) may be a useful, inexpensive, and easily reproducible tool.

Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, randomized study was conducted in 197 patients in a tertiary hospital.

Alterations in adipocytokines and cGMP homeostasis in morbid obesity patients reverse after bariatric surgery.

Objective: Obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), covering from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a common cause of chronic liver disease. Aberrant production of adipocytokines seems to play a main role in most obesity-associated disorders. Changes in adipocytokines in obesity could be mediated by alterations in cyclic GMP (cGMP) homeostasis.

Contribution of hyperammonemia and inflammatory factors to cognitive impairment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy.

To assess the contribution of hyperammonemia and inflammation to induction of mild cognitive impairment (or MHE). We analyzed the presence of mild cognitive impairment (CI) by using the PHES battery of psychometric tests and measured the levels of ammonia and of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-18 in blood of patients with different types of liver or dermatological diseases resulting in different grades of hyperammonemia and/or inflammation. The study included patients with 1) liver cirrhosis, showing hyperammonemia and inflammation; 2) non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) showing inflammation but not hyperammonemia; 3) non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) showing inflammation and very mild hyperammonemia; 4) psoriasis, showing inflammation but not hyperammonemia; 5) keloids, showing both inflammation and hyperammonemia and 6) controls without inflammation or hyperammonemia.

Effects of a controlled program of moderate physical exercise on insulin sensitivity in nonobese, nondiabetic subjects.

Objective: To study the effect of a moderate, aerobic physical exercise program on insulin resistance and its accompanying metabolic changes in a group of healthy, middle-age, nonobese subjects, without modifying oxygen consumption and body weight.

Design: The inclusion of subjects was carried out among volunteers from the health personnel of our center, who complied with the inclusion criteria.

Participants: Twelve subjects (age 30-60 years, 5 females), nonsmokers, body mass index (BMI) <27 kg/m2 and fasting plasma glucose <6.

Outcome of esophageal function and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring after vertical banded gastroplasty and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: One of the co-morbidities frequently associated with morbid obesity is gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), present in >50 % of morbidly obese individuals. We compared the anti-reflux effect of vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), and their effect on esophageal function.

Methods: 10 patients underwent VBG and 40 patients underwent RYGBP.

Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in a southern European population.

Background: Our objective was to investigate the relationship between abdominal obesity (AO), as measured by waist circumference (WC), insulin resistance (IR), and components of the metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 283 subjects (130 males and 153 females aged 25-65 years) from a primary care outpatient clinic in Valencia (Spain) over a period of 1 year. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, glucose, and insulin were measured by standard methods.

Xanthine oxidase is involved in free radical production in type 1 diabetes: protection by allopurinol.

The aim of this work was to study the mechanism of free radical formation in type 1 diabetes and its possible prevention. We have found oxidation of blood glutathione and an increase in plasma lipoperoxide levels in both human type 1 diabetes and experimental diabetes. Peroxide production by mitochondria does not increase in diabetes.