Programmed cell death-1 and its ligands: Current knowledge and possibilities in immunotherapy.

Programmed Cell Death-1 (PCD-1) is a key immune checkpoint receptor, which mainly expresses on activated T, B, Dendritic (DC), Natural Killer (NK), and Treg cells. On the surface of activated T-cells, PCD-1 expression is upregulated after the recognition of peripherals antigens by T cells; subsequently, the elevated binding of PD-1 to Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) and Programmed Death Ligand-2 (PD-L2) becomes a key step for downstream inhibitory signaling. Although the role of PD-L1 has been evaluated more thoroughly by clinical research, and PD-L1 has also been used more widely in the clinical setting, PD-L2 also plays an important role in the negative regulation of T-cells, one of the necessary conditions that lead to immune tolerance.

Could be FOXO3a, miR-96-5p and miR-182-5p useful for Brazilian women with luminal A and triple negative breast cancers prognosis and target therapy?

FOXO3a dysregulation is frequently implicated in tumorigenesis, and its inhibition can occur by several molecular mechanisms. Among these, post-transcriptional suppression by miRNAs has been associated with various cancers initiation. Here, we assessed the expression profiles of the most relevant miRNAs for breast tumorigenesis, using Luminal A (LA) and Triple-Negative (TN) breast cancer from Brazilian patients, by the quantitative real time-PCR method.

Does temporomandibular disorder correlate with menopausal symptoms?

Objective: To assess the correlation between menopausal symptoms and pain caused by temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and the impact of sociodemographic factors on the association.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 74 women with TMD symptoms were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10 (STRAW + 10) criteria: G1 (n = 25, late menopausal transition), G2 (n = 30, early postmenopause), and G3 (n = 19, late postmenopause). Sociodemographic data were collected, along with data on menopausal symptoms (Blatt-Kupperman menopausal index) and TMD-induced pain (craniomandibular index).

Analysis of hyaluronic acid in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Endometrium extracellular matrix provides a wide range of signals at different cellular levels, like cell death and proliferation, which can be important for regulating menses and reducing the proliferative processes. The objective of this study is to evaluate hyaluronic acid concentration, the enzymes of hyaluronic acid synthases in the endometrium of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and eumenorrheic women. A total of 60 endometrial samples from 30 patients with PCOS and 30 women with regular menstrual cycles in the proliferative phase, attended at Gynecology Division of Clinical Hospital of the FMUSP (HC-USP).

A prospective randomized study of the inflammatory responses to multiport and singleport laparoscopic hysterectomies.

Purpose:: To evaluate the inflammatory responses induced by laparoscopic hysterectomies with multiport and singleport approaches.

Methods:: This was a pilot prospective randomized study that included 42 women candidates for hysterectomy at School of Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas, USP. The patients were randomized to two groups: MP-TLH (total laparoscopic hysterectomy with 3 abdominal incisions), and SP-TLH (total laparoscopic hysterectomy with a single umbilical incision).

Blind aspiration biopsy versus a guided hysteroscopic technique for investigation of the endometrium in infertile women.

Embryo implantation failure and recurrent abortion are common indications for endometrial evaluation to determine the implantation window and diagnose endometrial anomalies. There are few research studies comparing the efficacy of different techniques used for endometrial sampling in infertile females during the luteal phase. Likewise, morphometric studies of the endometrium through aspiration biopsy are scant.

[Effects of metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia on the murine corneal].

Purpose: To evaluate the morphological changes in murine cornea upon metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia during the proestrous phase or pregnancy.

Methods: Forty adult mice were divided into two groups: (control) CTR1 and (treated with metoclopramide (MET1). After fifty days, half of the mice were sacrificed.