[Renal cirsoid aneurysm (congenital arteriovenous fistula): a rare cause of severe hematuria].

Objective: Congenital arteriovenous fistulas are an exceptional clinical feature. Although they are frequently asymptomatic, their presentation as severe hematuria pose an excellent diagnostic exercise and often immediate therapeutic action.

Methods/results: We report the case of a 75-year-old female patient presenting with severe hematuria producing anaemia, high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.

[Concurrent tumors in a patient with giant hydronephrosis].

Objectives: Giant hydronephrosis, defined as the presence of a liquid volume over 1000 ml within the urinary collector system, is a rare clinical entity, the diagnosis of which is an excellent exercise because it lacks of a defined clinical presentation.

Methods/results: We report the case of a 66-year-old male under study for a suspicious digestive tumor due to a long lasting clinical picture with severe cachexia, asthenia, anemia, constipation, and abdominal mass. Radiological tests showed a great right hydronephrosis secondary to a culculus in the ureteral-pelvic junction.

[Penile incarceration by multiple metal rings].

Objective: Penile incarceration is an infrequent clinical reality. Diagnosis is evident in most cases, and the challenges are to find the best way to retrieve the constrictive ring and repair the damage. Nevertheless, this event being curious has motivated us to report it.

[Unusual retrovesical cystic lesion: appendiceal mucocele].

Objective: Retrovesical cystic lesions are uncommon, although its incidence is growing due to the use of current diagnostic techniques. Its clinical features are unspecific and can mimic other conditions of the lower urinary tract making the differential diagnosis of this disease entity is difficult. A case of appendiceal mucocele, an unusual retrovesical lesion, is presented.