Investigating the 2023 MOGAD Criteria in Children and Adults With MOG-Antibody Positivity Within and Outside Attacks.

Background And Objectives: The 2023 criteria for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) perform well in adults but have not been assessed in children.

Methods: This prospective observational nationwide study includes children and adults with demyelinating syndromes or encephalitis, whose serum or CSF was found MOG-immunoglobulin G (IgG) positive at Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (Spain). Exclusion criteria were lack of clinical information and follow-up <1 year, and serum unavailable for antibody testing.

CD19-Directed CAR T-Cells in a Patient With Refractory MOGAD: Clinical and Immunologic Follow-Up for 1 Year.

Objectives: In MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), relapse prevention and the treatment approach to refractory symptoms are unknown. We report a patient with refractory MOGAD treated with CD19-directed CAR T-cells.

Methods: CD19-directed CAR T-cells (ARI-0001) were produced in-house by lentiviral transduction of autologous fresh leukapheresis and infused after a conventional lymphodepleting regimen.

mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination Does Not Exacerbate Symptoms or Trigger Neural Antibody Responses in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objective: In people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), concern for potential disease exacerbation or triggering of other autoimmune disorders contributes to vaccine hesitancy. We assessed the humoral and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA vaccination, changes in disease activity, and development of antibodies against central or peripheral nervous system antigens.

Methods: This was a prospective 1-year longitudinal observational study of pwMS and a control group of patients with other inflammatory neurologic disorders (OIND) who received an mRNA vaccine.

Neuroinflammation and gliosis in the injured and contralateral retinas after unilateral optic nerve crush.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of unilateral optic nerve crush in the gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, and gliosis markers in injured and contralateral retinas. Retinas from intact, unilaterally optic nerve injured or sham-operated C57BL/6J mice were analyzed 1, 3, 9 and 30 days after the surgery (n = 5/group and time point) and the relative expression of TGF-β1, IL-1β, TNF-α, Iba1, AQP4, GFAP, MHCII, and TSPO was analyzed in injured and contralateral using qPCR. The results indicated that compared with intact retinas, sham-operated animals showed an early (day 1) upregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α and TSPO and a late (day 30) upregulation of TNF-α.

Association of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels at Disease Onset With Disability Worsening in Patients With a First Demyelinating Multiple Sclerosis Event Not Treated With High-Efficacy Drugs.

Importance: The value of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels for predicting long-term disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains controversial.

Objective: To assess whether high sNfL values are associated with disability worsening in patients who underwent their first demyelinating MS event.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent their first demyelinating event suggestive of MS at Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (development cohort; June 1, 1994, to September 31, 2021, with follow-up until August 31, 2022) and 8 Spanish hospitals (validation cohort; October 1, 1995, to August 4, 2020, with follow-up until August 16, 2022).

Perception of Medical Professionalism among Medical Residents in Spain.

Background: Medical professionalism, defined as commitment to the primacy of patient welfare, is the basis for doctor-patient-society relationships, but previous research with medical students has shown that professionalism and social commitment to medicine may be waning. To determine if this trend also appears in recently qualified practicing doctors, we surveyed 90 newly graduated doctors currently working as medical residents in two university hospitals in Murcia, Spain. A previously validated questionnaire that studies the perception of six categories (responsibility, altruism, service, excellence, honesty and integrity, and respect) defining medical professionalism was used.

Axonal Injuries Cast Long Shadows: Long Term Glial Activation in Injured and Contralateral Retinas after Unilateral Axotomy.

Background: To analyze the course of microglial and macroglial activation in injured and contralateral retinas after unilateral optic nerve crush (ONC).

Methods: The left optic nerve of adult pigmented C57Bl/6 female mice was intraorbitally crushed and injured, and contralateral retinas were analyzed from 1 to 45 days post-lesion (dpl) in cross-sections and flat mounts. As controls, intact retinas were studied.

Bridging Therapy and Occlusion Site Influence Symptomatic Hemorrhage Rate after Thrombectomy: A Daily Practice Study in 623 Stroke Patients.

Background: Comparison of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) rates between stroke patients treated with bridging therapy (BT) and primary mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) are scarce and difficult to interpret due to baseline differences between both populations.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular therapy (BT or PMT) was performed at our center between January 2010 and June 2017.

Results: Six hundred twenty-three patients were included.

Prevention of rebound effect after natalizumab withdrawal in multiple sclerosis. Study of two high-dose methylprednisolone schedules.

Background: Natalizumab (NTZ) is a disease-modifying treatment (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) whose discontinuation can produce a "rebound effect", consisting of severe clinical deterioration and/or evidence of disease reactivation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of two treatment schedules with intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) administered during the washout period of natalizumab (i.e.

Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Stroke Due to Carotid Occlusion: A Series of 153 Consecutive Patients.

Background: Strokes due to carotid artery occlusion (CAO) are associated with bad clinical prognosis and poor response to intravenous thrombolysis. Several studies in the past have shown the benefits of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and compared bridging therapy (BT) and primary MT (PMT) in large vessel occlusions, but only a few studies have focused on the specific population of CAO and their response to endovascular treatment.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients treated at our center between January 2010 and June 2017 that (1) presented with acute ischemic stroke caused by CAO in the first 4.