Usefulness of sonication in the microbiological diagnosis of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Background: Multiple studies have demonstrated the utility of sonication to improve culture yield in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infections.

Objective: To analyze the usefulness of sonication in the microbiological diagnosis of CIED infections in comparison with traditional cultures.

Methods: Systematic database searches were performed to identify studies that provided enough data concerning both sensitivity and specificity of traditional (non-sonicated) and sonicated cultures from CIED samples.

Survival of infection with TEM β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli with Pan-β-lactam resistance.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global health issue, significantly contributing to patient mortality. Recent antibiotic developments have aimed to counteract carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales; however, the impact of their use on the emergence of antibiotic resistance is unknown. This study investigates the first case of a non-carbapenemase-producing, pan-β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli strain from a patient previously treated with ceftolozane-tazobactam and cefiderocol.

KSA-1, a naturally occurring Ambler class A extended spectrum β-lactamase from the enterobacterial species Kosakonia sacchari.

Background: Several bacterial species belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria possess intrinsic class A β-lactamase genes that may represent a source of further dissemination and acquisition to other Gram-negative species. Here we characterised KSA-1 class A β-lactamase, the gene of which was identified within the chromosome of an environmental Enterobacterales species, namely Kosakonia sacchari, which was also recently identified as the progenitor of an MCR-like colistin-resistance determinant.

Methods: In silico analysis using the GenBank database identified a class A β-lactamase gene within the chromosome of K.

Activity of cefepime, carbapenems and new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations on complex and in Spain (SMART 2016-2022).

Objectives: To analyse the susceptibility profile to cefepime, carbapenems and new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations in complex and isolated from intra-abdominal, urinary, respiratory and bloodstream infections in the SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) surveillance study in Spain.

Methods: The susceptibilities of 759 isolates (473 complex and 286 ) collected in 11 Spanish hospitals from 2016 to 2022 were analysed following the EUCAST 2023 criteria. Molecular characterization looking for β-lactamase genes was performed through PCR and DNA sequencing analysis.

C-terminal deletion of RelA protein is suggested as a possible cause of infective endocarditis recurrence with .

Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by represents the third most common cause of IE, with high rates of relapse compared with other bacteria. Interestingly, late relapses (>6 months) have only been described in but here we describe the first reported IE relapse with more than a year (17 months) after the initial endocarditis episode. Firstly, by multi locus sequence typing (MLST), we demonstrated that both isolates (EF646 and EF641) belong to the same sequence type (ST117).

Implementation of a PCR-based strategy to control an outbreak by Serratia marcescens in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological impact of a new molecular surveillance strategy based on qPCR to control an outbreak by Serratia marcescens in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

Methods: We design a specific qPCR for the detection of S. marcescens in rectal swabs of patients admitted to a NICU.

BIChromET: A Chromogenic Culture Medium for Detection of Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Cefepime Resistance in .

Objectives: The BIChromET selective medium for detecting piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) and cefepime (FEP) resistant was developed.

Methods: The performance of this medium was first evaluated using a collection of 100 clinical strains (70 TZP-susceptible, 30 TZP-resistant, 58 FEP-susceptible, and 42 FEP-resistant). Then, we performed clinical validation by testing 173 respiratory clinical samples.

Role of bla and OmpC in the piperacillin-tazobactam resistance evolution by E. coli in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection.

Piperacillin-tazobactam resistance (P/T-R) is increasingly reported among Escherichia coli isolates. Although in vitro experiments have suggested that bla gene plays a key role in the P/T-R acquisition, no clinical in vivo study has yet confirmed the role of bla or other genes. Therefore, we aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying P/T-R by following up patients with E.

Rapid Detection of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.

Rapid determination of susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) is very important since the development of antibiotic resistance and inadequate treatment could increase the risk of clinical failure in infected patients, especially if such resistance is unknown to the clinician. Therefore, based on color change from orange to yellow of phenol red due to glucose metabolism (bacterial growth) in the presence of an adequate concentration of TZP (10 mg/L piperacillin and 5 mg/L tazobactam), the RapidTZP test has been developed to detect TZP resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in a maximum of 3 h. A total of 140 isolates, 43 of E.

MDR in Spain: an ever-evolving emerging threat?

Background: Seven CTX-M-27-producing strains were isolated at the University Hospital Virgen del Rocío (Seville, Spain) microbiology service from October to November 2021.

Objectives: To offer extensive information on the microbiological and molecular epidemiology results of the seven isolates and compare them with other previously documented CTX-M-27-producing associated with MSM transmission.

Methods: isolated from stool samples of patients with acute diarrhoea were identified through biochemical and serological typing.

Cross-reaction of naturally-produced β-lactamases from Citrobacter farmeri and Citrobacter amalonaticus with immunological detection of CTX-M enzymes.

The NG-Test CTX-M MULTI immunochromatographic assay has been developed to identify CTX-M-type β-lactamases in Enterobacterales, being the most widespread extended-spectrum β-lactamases. We showed here that the chromosomally-encoded ß-lactamases from Citrobacter farmeri and Citrobacter amalonaticus generated false-positive NG-Test CTX-M MULTI results, compromising the specificity of the test.

NDM-35-Producing ST167 Highly Resistant to β-Lactams Including Cefiderocol.

A multidrug-resistant (carbapenems, aztreonam + avibactam, and cefiderocol) ST167 Escherichia coli clinical isolate recovered from a patient hospitalized in Switzerland produced NDM-35 showing ca. 10-fold increased hydrolytic activity toward cefiderocol compared to NDM-1. The isolate co-produced a CMY-type β-lactamase, exhibited a four amino-acid insertion in PBP3, and possessed a truncated iron transporter CirA protein.

Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producers, carbapenemase producers, polymyxin-resistant, and fosfomycin-resistant Enterobacterales among pigs from Egypt.

Objectives: To perform the first prospective surveillance evaluating the occurrence of genes encoding colistin resistance, fosfomycin resistance, carbapenemase, or extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) among Enterobacterial isolates recovered from the gut flora of pigs from Egypt.

Methods: Between February and April 2020, 81 rectal swabs were collected from pigs in a slaughterhouse, Cairo, Egypt. Samples were screened for different resistance mechanisms using SuperPolymyxin, ChromID ESBL, SuperFOS, and SuperCarba selective agar plates.

Impact of Acquired Broad-Spectrum β-Lactamases on Susceptibility to Cefiderocol and Newly Developed β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The ability of broad-spectrum β-lactamases to reduce the susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T), imipenem-relebactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, aztreonam-avibactam (AZA), and cefiderocol (FDC) was evaluated both in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in Escherichia coli using isogenic backgrounds. Although metallo-β-lactamases conferred resistance in most cases, except for AZA, several clavulanic-acid-inhibited extended-spectrum β-lactamases (PER, BEL, SHV) had a significant impact on the susceptibility to CZA, C/T, and FDC.

Reduced Chlorhexidine Susceptibility Is Associated with Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli.

Chlorhexidine is a widely used antiseptic in hospital and community health care. Decreased susceptibility to this compound has been recently described in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, together with cross-resistance to colistin. Surprisingly, few data are available for Escherichia coli, the main species responsible for community and health care-associated infections.

as Possible Source of the Integron- and Plasmid-Mediated Fosfomycin Resistance Gene .

analysis and cloning experiments identified a like fosfomycin resistance gene in the chromosome of Aliidiomarina shirensis, with our data suggesting that this bacterium might be added to the list of species identified as reservoirs of -like genes that were subsequently acquired by other Gram-negative species. Indeed, the gene was identified as acquired in Providencia huaxinensis and Aeromonas hydrophila isolates, with this gene being located in class 1 integron structures in the latter cases. Biochemical characterization and site-directed mutagenesis showed a higher catalytic efficiency for the intrinsic FosC2 (from ) than for the acquired FosC2 (from ) enzyme due to a single substitution in the amino acid sequence (Gly43Glu).

Selective Culture Medium for Screening of Fosfomycin Resistance in .

A selective medium for screening fosfomycin (FOS)-resistant was developed. Performances of this medium were first evaluated by using cultures of a collection of 84 enterobacterial clinical strains (42 FOS susceptible and 42 FOS resistant). The SuperFOS medium showed excellent sensitivity and specificity of detection (100%) in those conditions.

Antioxidant Molecules as a Source of Mitigation of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Dissemination.

is the most commonly identified human pathogen and a prominent microorganism of the gut microbiota. Acquired resistance to antibiotics in this species is driven mainly by horizontal gene transfer and plasmid acquisition. Currently, the main concern is the acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamases of the CTX-M type in , a worldwide-observed phenomenon.

Genomic Features of MCR-1 and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales from Retail Raw Chicken in Egypt.

Colistin is considered as a last resort agent for treatment of severe infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Recently, plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes ( type) have been reported, mainly corresponding to producers. Those -positive Enterobacterales have been identified not only from human isolates, but also from food samples, from animal specimens and from environmental samples in various parts of the world.

Pathogenicity Genomic Island-Associated CrpP-Like Fluoroquinolone-Modifying Enzymes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates in Europe.

Many transferable quinolone resistance mechanisms have been identified in Gram-negative bacteria. The plasmid-encoded 65-amino-acid-long ciprofloxacin-modifying enzyme CrpP was recently identified in isolates. We analyzed a collection of 100 clonally unrelated and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, among which 46 were positive for -like genes, encoding five CrpP variants conferring variable levels of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Occurrence of NDM-1-producing Morganella morganii and Proteus mirabilis in a single patient in Portugal: probable in vivo transfer by conjugation.

Objectives: To decipher the genetics of acquisition of carbapenemase-encoding genes identified in two carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae recovered from a single patient in Portugal.

Methods: Carbapenemase genes were searched by PCR assays and mating-out assays were performed to further characterize the plasmid support of the carbapenemase genes. Genetic characterization of the plasmid supports was performed by whole-plasmid sequencing using the Illumina technology.

Phylogeny, Resistome, and Virulome of Causing Biliary Tract Infections.

is the most frequent Gram-negative bacilli involved in intra-abdominal infections. However, despite high mortality rates associated with biliary tract infections due to , there is no study focusing on this pathogen. In this study, we have characterized a group of 15 isolates obtained from 12 patients with biliary tract infections.