Anatomical relations of anterior and posterior ankle arthroscopy portals: a cadaveric study.

Background: Ankle arthroscopy is an increasingly used technique. Knowledge of the anatomical structures in relation to its portals is paramount to avoid complications.

Methods: Twenty cadaveric ankles were analysed to assess the distance between relevant neurovascular structures to the anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, and posterolateral arthroscopy portals.

Peripheral venous embolized intracardiac foreign body.

Embolized intracardiac foreign bodies have been previously described in the literature. Those related to iatrogenic procedures, such as catheters and pacemaker electrodes, are the most common. However, traumatic embolization of a metal foreign body is scantily described.