Dynamic and Postural Changes in Forelimb Amputee Dogs: A Pilot Study.

The amputation of a limb in quadrupeds can overload the remaining limbs, especially the contralateral one. The compensatory effort is especially high if it is a forelimb. It is, therefore, important to objectively know the changes in weight redistribution that occur in the animal while walking and standing still.

Multiparametric Comparison of Two TTA-Based Surgical Techniques in Dogs with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Tears.

Tearing of the cranial cruciate ligament causes hindlimb lameness in dogs. Different surgical procedures have been proposed to treat this condition. In this study, two different TTA-based techniques and implants were compared.

Neuroprotective effects of meloxicam on transient brain ischemia in rats: the two faces of anti-inflammatory treatments.

The inflammatory response plays an important role in neuroprotection and regeneration after ischemic insult. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been a matter of debate as to whether they have beneficial or detrimental effects. In this context, the effects of the anti-inflammatory agent meloxicam have been scarcely documented after stroke, but its ability to inhibit both cyclooxygenase isoforms (1 and 2) could be a promising strategy to modulate post-ischemic inflammation.

Intralaboratory Validation of a Kinetic Turbidimetric Assay Based on Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) for Assessing Endotoxin Activity in Cow Milk.

Mastitis, one of the most common diseases in dairy cattle, causes severe losses in the dairy sector worldwide and affects animal welfare. The disease is characterized by an inflammatory reaction of the mammary gland and is mainly caused by bacterial infections, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The release of endotoxins associated to bacterial lysis is a weighty factor in the clinical course of Gram-negative associated mastitis and should be taken into consideration when using antibiotics in the treatment of these infections.

Development of an Artificial Neural Network for the Detection of Supporting Hindlimb Lameness: A Pilot Study in Working Dogs.

Subjective lameness assessment has been a controversial subject given the lack of agreement between observers; this has prompted the development of kinetic and kinematic devices in order to obtain an objective evaluation of locomotor system in dogs. After proper training, neural networks are potentially capable of making a non-human diagnosis of canine lameness. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether artificial neural networks could be used to determine canine hindlimb lameness by computational means only.

Multi-headed (bifid and trifid) mandibular condyles in archaeological contexts: Two posttraumatic cases.

Objective: Bifid and trifid mandibular condyles are infrequent morphological alterations of the mandibular condyle. With the aim of better identifying its possible causing factors in the past and provide clues on the potential types and severities of joint dysfunction that may occur if clinical intervention is not undertaken, two archaeological cases of multi-headed mandibular condyles are presented, and their possible aetiology and pathogenesis are discussed.

Design: In this study, 143 adult mandibles recovered in the northwest of Spain were examined: 91 exhumed from San Juan Bautista church (Guardo, Palencia; 16th-19th centuries), and 52 from San Salvador de Palat de Rey church (León, 13th-19th centuries).

Stafne's bone defects from Spain: report of four cases and brief archaeological literature review.

Objective: To present for the first time in the north-western Spanish osteological record prevalence data on Stafne's bone defect, to compare the results with those reported by other studies, and to increase the dataset for future inter-population comparisons.

Material: In all, 143 complete adult mandibles recovered from two necropolises were analyzed (n = 118, San Juan Bautista of Guardo, Palencia province, 16-19 centuries; n = 25, Plaza del Grano, city of León, 12-15 centuries).

Methods: Differential diagnosis of the lesions was made through macroscopic and Computed Tomography (CT) analyses.

Development and Evaluation of a Disease Large Animal Model for Preclinical Assessment of Renal Denervation Therapies.

New-generation catheters-based renal denervation (RDN) is under investigation for the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension (HTN). We assessed the feasibility of a large animal model of HTN to accommodate the human RDN devices. Ten minipigs were instrumented to measure blood pressure (BP) in an awake-state.

Incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries after implementing the Triepi-45 tool to improve episiotomy angle in instrumental deliveries.

Objective: To assess the impact of Triepi-45-a tool that enables an episiotomy angle of 45° to be marked on the perineum at rest-on the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) during operative vaginal delivery (OVD).

Method: A retrospective-prospective cohort study was performed among successive women who underwent OVD at Complejo Asistencial Universitario de de León, Spain, between 2011 and 2013 (preintervention cohort, n=986) and between 2014 and 2016 (intervention cohort, n=986) after implementation of an interventional programme in 2013 to improve the episiotomy angle, including use of Triepi-45, in OVD.

Results: The intervention cohort had a lower incidence of OASIS than the preintervention cohort (70/986 [7.

Post-ischemic salubrinal administration reduces necroptosis in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia.

Ischemic stroke is one of the most important causes of death and disability worldwide. Subroutines underlying cell death after stroke are largely unknown despite their importance in the design of novel therapies for this pathology. Necroptosis, a recently described form of regulated cell death, has been related with inflammation and, in some models, with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Which characteristics of the episiotomy and perineum are associated with a lower risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury in instrumental deliveries.

Objetive: Operative vaginal delivery (OVD) is the most important risk fact for obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI). Knowledge of possible risk factors for their occurrence may therefore reduce the likelihood of faecal incontinence. The aim is to analyse the effect of mediolateral episitomy and perineum characteristics on the occurrence of OASI in OVD.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor alleviates the oxidative stress induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation in an ex vivo brain slice model.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is considered as a putative therapeutic agent against stroke. Since BDNF role on oxidative stress is uncertain, we have studied this role in a rat brain slice ischemia model, which allows BDNF reaching the neural parenchyma. Hippocampal and cerebral cortex slices were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and then returned to normoxic conditions (reperfusion-like, RL).

Safety and Efficacy of New Biodegradable Polymer-based Sirolimus-Eluting Stents in a Preclinical Model.

Introduction And Objectives: New drug-eluting stents (DES) designed to overcome the limitations of existing devices should initially be tested in preclinical studies. Our objective was to analyze the safety and efficacy of new biodegradable polymer-based DES compared with bare-metal stents (BMS) and commercially available DES in a model of normal porcine coronary arteries.

Methods: We randomly implanted 101 stents (BMS and biodegradable polymer-based sirolimus-eluting stents: 3 test stent iterations [BD1, BD2, and BD3], Orsiro, Biomime and Biomatrix) in the coronary arteries of 34 domestic pigs.

The influence of Ringer's lactate or HES 130/0.4 administration on the integrity of the small intestinal mucosa in a pig hemorrhagic shock model under general anesthesia.

Objective: To determine the effect of fluid resuscitation with 2 different physiological solutions, Ringer's lactate (RL) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4, on histological lesions of the small intestinal mucosa in anesthetized pigs subjected to severe acute bleeding.

Design: Prospective experimental study.

Experimental evidence of pharmacological management of anchorage in Orthodontics: A systematic review.

Introduction: Orthodontic anchorage is one of the most challenging aspects of Orthodontics. Preventing undesired movement of teeth could result in safer and less complicated orthodontic treatment. Recently, several reviews have been published about the effects of different molecules on bone physiology and the clinical side effects in Orthodontics.

Age-dependent modifications in vascular adhesion molecules and apoptosis after 48-h reperfusion in a rat global cerebral ischemia model.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability in the elderly. However, most of the experimental studies on stroke are based on young animals, and we hypothesised that age can substantially affect the stroke response. The two-vessel occlusion model of global ischemia by occluding the common carotid arteries for 15 min at 40 mmHg of blood pressure was carried out in 3- and 18-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Histology and immunochemistry evaluation of autologous translocation of retinal pigment epithelium-choroid graft in porcine eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate structure and cellular functionality of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid grafts after autologous translocation in porcine eyes.

Methods: Retinal pigment epithelium-choroid grafts were obtained from the nasal midperiphery donor site and translocated to the central area in 12 pigs (12 eyes). Grafts were placed under the central retina through a retinotomy.

Biomechanical, histological and histomorphometric analyses of calcium phosphate cement compared to PMMA for vertebral augmentation in a validated animal model.

Introduction: Calcium phosphate cements (biocements) are alternative materials for use in vertebral augmentation procedures, and are a potential solution to problems associated with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cements. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the utility of percutaneously injected biocements compared with PMMA in a validated animal model of osteoporosis.

Materials And Methods: Fortyseven augmentation procedures were performed on 11 osteoporotic sheep.

Endogenous cardiac stem cell activation by insulin-like growth factor-1/hepatocyte growth factor intracoronary injection fosters survival and regeneration of the infarcted pig heart.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the ability of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to activate resident endogenous porcine cardiac stem/progenitor cells (epCSCs) and to promote myocardial repair through a clinically applicable intracoronary injection protocol in a pig model of myocardial infarction (MI) relevant to human disease.

Background: In rodents, cardiac stem/progenitor cell (CSC) transplantation as well as in situ activation through intramyocardial injection of specific growth factors has been shown to result in myocardial regeneration after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: Acute MI was induced in pigs by a 60-min percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography left anterior descending artery occlusion.

Anesthesia with intraperitoneal propofol, medetomidine, and fentanyl in rats.

A safe and reliable method for anesthetizing rats has long been a leading concern of biomedical researchers. We recently found that the intraperitoneal administration of propofol combined with medetomidine and fentanyl is safe for mouse anesthesia. Here we studied whether the same combination could be used for general anesthesia in rats.

Lead toxicity in captive and wild Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in Spain.

Forty captive Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), of both sexes, were separated into five groups and dosed with lead shot via oral intubation; one group was used as a control. Lead dosage differed in terms of shot number and size, as well as administration time. One hundred and thirty-five wild mallards were trapped between 1998 and 2001 in the Boada and Nava lagoons near the Canal de Castilla, in the Spanish province of Palencia.

Pleural omentalisation with en bloc ligation of the thoracic duct and pericardiectomy for idiopathic chylothorax in nine dogs and four cats.

Conventional treatment of idiopathic chylothorax (IC) involves thoracic duct (TD) ligation (with/without lymphagiography) combined with subphrenic pericardiectomy. Nine dogs and four cats with IC, which received intrathoracic omentalisation with TD en bloc ligation (not preceded by lymphangiography) and subphrenic pericardiectomy, were evaluated retrospectively. Seven of nine dogs and 3/4 cats were still alive and disease-free at the time of reporting (range 10-53 and 19-31 months, respectively).

Transvenous coil embolisation for the treatment of single congenital portosystemic shunts in six dogs.

This article describes the treatment of single congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSs) (intrahepatic and extrahepatic) using an interventional radiology technique involving embolisation of anomalous vessels with percutaneous coils. Briefly, a multipurpose catheter was introduced into the caudal vena cava and then into the portosystemic shunt. An autoexpandable stent was placed in the caudal vena cava, next to the shunt, in order to avoid coil migrations, and a cobra-like vascular catheter was used to pass through the stent and to place the coils in the shunt.

Effects of dynamic resistance training on fascicle length and isometric strength.

The aims of this study were to assess changes in muscle architecture, isometric and dynamic strength of the leg extensor muscles, resulting from dynamic resistance training, and the relationships between strength and muscle architecture variables. The participants (n = 30) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The training group (n = 16; age 21.