Convergence of Neuroinflammation, Microbiota, and Parkinson's Disease: Therapeutic Insights and Prospects.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder. Recent evidence reveals connections between neuroinflammatory processes and intestinal microbiota alterations in the progression of this pathology. This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationships between them, highlighting their combined impact on PD.

Lysosomal Dysfunction: Connecting the Dots in the Landscape of Human Diseases.

Lysosomes are the main organelles responsible for the degradation of macromolecules in eukaryotic cells. Beyond their fundamental role in degradation, lysosomes are involved in different physiological processes such as autophagy, nutrient sensing, and intracellular signaling. In some circumstances, lysosomal abnormalities underlie several human pathologies with different etiologies known as known as lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs).

haploinsufficiency in CD1 mice results in metabolic alterations and exacerbates age-associated retinal degeneration.

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a key process in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The age-dependent decline in retinal autophagy has been associated with photoreceptor degeneration. Retinal dysfunction can also result from damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as the RPE-retina constitutes an important metabolic ecosystem that must be finely tuned to preserve visual function.

Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Conversion of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia: A Prospective Study.

Background: The effect that cytokines can exert on the progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to ongoing dementia is a matter of debate and the results obtained so far are controversial.

Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze the influence of markers of subclinical inflammation on the progression of MCI to dementia.

Methods: A prospective study involving a cohort of patients ≥ 65 years of age diagnosed with MCI and followed for 3 years was conducted.

Vascular Risk Factors and Lesions of Vascular Nature in Magnetic Resonance as Predictors of Progression to Dementia in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Evidence of the effect of vascular risk factors and white matter lesions on the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia is not conclusive.

Objective: The study aimed to analyze the impact of these factors on MCI progression to dementia from a global perspective.

Methods: Our study included a population of 105 patients with MCI.

Association of vascular factors and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a comprehensive approach.

Background And Objective: Current evidence shows that numerous classic vascular risk factors (VRF) contribute to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the effects of emerging VRFs are less well-known. Using a comprehensive approach, we assessed the frequency and strength of association between MCI and classic VRFs, subclinical markers of atherosclerosis (cystatin C, lipoprotein(a), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and intima-media thickness) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH).

Methods: In this case-control study of consecutive MCI patients and cognitively normal controls, subjects underwent clinical and neuropsychological examinations, laboratory analyses, a carotid duplex scan, and a brain magnetic resonance imaging scan.