Simplified risk stratification based on cardiopulmonary exercise test: A Spanish two-center experience.

A simplified 4-strata risk stratification approach based on three variables is widespread in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) at follow-up. This study aimed to assess the impact of replacing the 6-min walk test (6MWT) with the peak 0 uptake evaluated by the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on risk stratification by this scale. We included 180 prevalent patients with PAH from two reference hospitals in Spain, followed up between 2006 and 2022.

Lung transplantation for emphysema: only emphysema or something else?

Background: Some studies have reviewed lung explants histology to determine the frequency of pretransplant non-identified neoplasms or explore its diagnostic correlation with a previous diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD). This study aims to review the histopathology of explants from patients who underwent lung transplantation (LT).

Methods: A retrospective, single-center study that included patients who underwent LT for emphysema between 01 January 2011 and 31 October 2021.

Early Postoperative Outcomes of Lung Transplant Recipients With Abdominal Adverse Events.

Introduction: Patients undergoing lung transplantation (LT) are at high risk of developing serious abdominal complications, which can lead to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and spectrum of these complications when they develop during the first 30 days after LT, as well as their possible association with possible risk factors.

Methods: A retrospective study of 552 patients undergoing LT between 01/02/2006 and 06/03/2021 was carried out.

Endothelin-1 as a Biomarker of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Autoimmune Diseases.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a molecule involved in multiple vascular and fibrosing abnormalities, as a biomarker of interstitial lung disease (ILD), as well as its use for the differential diagnosis between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and ILD associated with autoimmune diseases (AD-ILD), using a large and well-defined cohort of patients with ILD. A total of 112 patients with IPF, 91 patients with AD-ILD (28 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 26 systemic sclerosis, 20 idiopathic inflammatory myositis and 17 interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features) and 44 healthy controls were included. ET-1 serum levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Calcineurin inhibitors' impact on cardiovascular and renal function, a descriptive study in lung transplant recipients from the North of Spain.

Patients undergoing lung transplantation (LTx) need administration of immunosuppressive therapy following the procedure to prevent graft rejection. However, these drugs are not exempt from potential risks. The development of cardiovascular risk factors and impaired renal function in the post-transplantation period are conditions that may be favoured by the use of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) drugs which could have repercussions on the quality of life and the post-transplantation evolution.

Lack of concordance between the different exercise test measures used in the risk stratification of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients it is essential to perform a prognostic assessment to optimize the treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk stratification concordance assessed with different exercise test variables in a cohort of PAH patients. A retrospective analysis was performed using patient data registered in the PAH unit.

Early onset of azithromycin to prevent CLAD in lung transplantation: Promising results of a retrospective single centre experience.

Introduction: Azithromycin (AZI) may be an effective immune modulator in lung transplant (LT) recipients, and can decrease chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) rates, the leading cause of mortality after the 1st year post-LT. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of AZI initiation and its timing on the incidence and severity of CLAD in LT recipients.

Methods: Single-center retrospective study, including LT recipients from 01/01/2011 to 30/06/2020.

Antifibrotics and lung transplantation: A Spanish multicentre case-controlled study.

Background And Objective: Antifibrotic drugs are the standard treatments for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aims to assess the safety of antifibrotic treatment in IPF patients undergoing lung transplantation.

Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of IPF who received a lung transplant between January 2015 and June 2019 at four Spanish hospitals specialized in lung transplantation were retrospectively recruited.

Evolution of Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Starting Macitentan After the Discontinuation of Other Endothelin-Receptor Antagonists: Results of a Retrospective Study.

Background: Macitentan is the latest endothelin-receptor antagonist (ERA) approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), presenting enhanced properties over previous ERAs.

Objective: We describe the clinical and echocardiographic evolution of patients with PAH who started macitentan after discontinuing bosentan/ambrisentan.

Methods: This was a retrospective series of patients with different etiologies who started macitentan after the suspension of other ERAs under routine clinical practice at five Spanish hospitals.