Acute Stress and Anxiety in Medical Residents on the Emergency Department Duty.

The objectives of this longitudinal study were to compare salivary cortisol release patterns in medical residents and their self-perceived anxiety levels between a regular working day and a day when on call in the emergency department (ED-duty day) and to determine any differences in cortisol release pattern as a function of years of residency or sex. The study included 35 residents (physicians-in-training) of the Granada University Hospital, Granada, Spain. Acute stress was measured on a regular working day and an ED-duty day, evaluating anxiety-state with the Spanish version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

Furan and p-xylene as candidate biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed noncutaneous malignant tumor among males in the Western world. Prostate-specific antigen has been considered the most important biomarker for PCa detection; however, it lacks specificity, leading to the search for alternative biomarkers. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released during cell metabolism and can be found in exhaled breath, urine, and other fluids.

[Psychosocial risks and stress as predictors of burnout in junior doctors performing emergency guards].

Objective: To study the stress, the psychosocial risks associated to the job and the burnout, in a group of junior doctors working at the emergency ward; and to analyze what of those variables could predict and are better related with burnout.

Methods: Cross-sectional study, with a sample of 42 junior doctors which are on duty in the emergency ward of the University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada (Spain). The Spanish adapted version of the Perceived Stress Scale was used to evaluate stress, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to evaluate the professional burnout and the adapted and scaled questionnaire for the self-evaluation of psychosocial risks at work (CopSoQ-ISTAS21).

[Internal Medicine in the curriculum of General Medicine at Universities of Mexico, 2014].

The aim of this study was to analyze Internal Medicine as a subject and its requirement in each of the Universities curriculum in Mexico that offers a degree in General Medicine. By the end of the first quarter of 2014, the research was closed and 81 campuses were studied. This research was quantitative, using an analytical technique, written discourse, exploratory and purposive sampling not random and homogeneous type.

Zygosaccharomyces rouxii strains CECT 11923 and Z. rouxii CECT 10425: Two new putative hybrids?

Based on IGS-PCR RFLP polymorphism, we previously detected two Z. rouxii strains (CECT 11923 and CECT 10425) that clustered with hybrid strains (NCYC 1682, NCYC 3060 and NCYC 3061). Given the recently recognized important industrial role of hybrids, their detection is very useful.

Development of an affordable typing method for Meyerozyma guilliermondii using microsatellite markers.

Despite previously published methods, there is still a lack of rapid and affordable methods for genotyping the Meyerozyma guilliermondii yeast species. The development of microsatellite markers is a useful genotyping method in several yeast species. Using the Tandem Repeat Finder Software, a total of 19 microsatellite motifs (di-, tri-, and tetra- repetition) were found in silico in seven of the nine scaffolds published so far.

Assessment of the Factors Contributing to the Growth or Spoilage of Meyerozyma guilliermondii in Organic Yogurt: Comparison of Methods for Strain Differentiation.

In this work we analyze the spoiling potential of Meyerozyma guilliermondii in yogurt. The analysis was based on contaminated samples sent to us by an industrial laboratory over two years. All the plain and fruit yogurt packages were heavily contaminated by yeasts, but only the last ones, containing fermentable sugars besides lactose, were spoiled by gas swelling.

Development of species-specific primers for rapid identification of Debaryomyces hansenii.

In this work, we developed a specific PCR assay for Debaryomyces hansenii strains that uses a putative homologous PAD1 region (729 bp) present in this yeast species as a target. The amplification of this sequence with the D. hansenii specific primer pair (DhPADF/DhPADR) was found to be a rapid, specific and an affordable method enabling identification of D.

Quantitative analysis of morphological changes in yeast colonies growing on solid medium: the eccentricity and Fourier indices.

The colony shape of four yeast species growing on agar medium was measured for 116 days by image analysis. Initially, all the colonies are circular, with regular edges. The loss of circularity can be quantitatively estimated by the eccentricity index, Ei , calculated as the ratio between their orthogonal vertical and horizontal diameters.

Kinetics of sugars consumption and ethanol inhibition in carob pulp fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch and fed-batch cultures.

The waste materials from the carob processing industry are a potential resource for second-generation bioethanol production. These by-products are small carob kibbles with a high content of soluble sugars (45-50%). Batch and fed-batch Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentations of high density sugar from carob pods were analyzed in terms of the kinetics of sugars consumption and ethanol inhibition.

Strain typing of Zygosaccharomyces yeast species using a single molecular method based on polymorphism of the intergenic spacer region (IGS).

Unlike previously reported methods that need a combination of several typing techniques, we have developed a single method for strain typing of the Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Z. mellis and Z. rouxii spoilage species.

Free amino acid concentrations in vitreous humor and cerebrospinal fluid in relation to the cause of death and postmortem interval.

We studied free amino acids in vitreous humor and cerebrospinal fluid from 58 cadavers in the course of routine medicolegal autopsies in the city of Granada. The main objective was to establish whether free amino acids contents in these fluids were related with the cause of death, postmortem interval, and severity of the classic signs of asphyxia. The amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glutamine, glycine/threonine/histidine, citruline, arginine, alanine, taurine, GABA, tirosine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine/tryptophan, leucine, and lysine) were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography.

Four new Candida cretensis strains isolated from Spanish fermented sausages (chorizo): taxonomic and phylogenetic implications.

Four yeast strains were isolated from Spanish traditional fermented sausages (chorizo) spoiled by gas production. Using the classical identification procedures, they were identified as Debaryomyces hansenii. However, they fermented galactose and did not produce positive results in Debaryomyces differential medium (DDM), a growth medium highly specific for this species.

PCR-RFLP analysis of the IGS region of rDNA: a useful tool for the practical discrimination between species of the genus Debaryomyces.

The amplification by PCR of the intergenic spacer region (IGS) of rDNA followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was evaluated as a potential method for discriminating the 16 species belonging to the genus Debaryomyces. The digestion of this region with some or all the enzymes used in this study (HapII, HhaI and MboI) produced species-specific patterns that permitted differentiation of the species in the genus. With the exception of Debaryomyces vanrijiae, the technique was also efficient for distinguishing the varieties in the species Debaryomyces hansenii (var.

Hyperosmotic stress induces metacaspase- and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

During the last years, several reports described an apoptosis-like programmed cell death process in yeast in response to different environmental aggressions. Here, evidence is presented that hyperosmotic stress caused by high glucose or sorbitol concentrations in culture medium induces in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a cell death process accompanied by morphological and biochemical indicators of apoptotic programmed cell death, namely chromatin condensation along the nuclear envelope, mitochondrial swelling and reduction of cristae number, production of reactive oxygen species and DNA strand breaks, with maintenance of plasma membrane integrity. Disruption of AIF1 had no effect on cell survival, but lack of Yca1p drastically reduced metacaspase activation and decreased cell death indicating that this death process was associated to activation of this protease.

A beta-glucuronidase-based agar medium for the differential detection of the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii from foods.

A selective and differential solid medium, Debaryomyces differential medium (DDM), was used for the isolation of Debaryomyces hansenii. This medium is formulated to allow detection of the beta-glucuronidase enzyme using the chromogenic substrate magenta-glucuro.CHA (5Br-6Cl-3indolyl-beta-D-glucuronide, cyclohexylammonium salt).

Differential detection of Debaryomyces hansenii isolated from intermediate-moisture foods by PCR-RFLP of the IGS region of rDNA.

The amplification by PCR of the Intergenic Spacer region (IGS) of rDNA followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was evaluated as a potential method for the identification of Debaryomyces hansenii among other yeast species that frequently contaminate Intermediate-Moisture Foods (IMFs). For a first rapid differentiation at the species level, the determination of the IGS-PCR fragment size was found to be a useful approach. The digestion of this region with the enzymes HhaI, HapII and MboI resulted in specific patterns that permit the identification of D.

Environmental adaptation factors of two yeasts isolated from the leachate of a uranium mineral heap.

Two yeasts from the effluent of a uranium mineral heap were identified as Candida sorbophila and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. They are well adapted to such an environment as shown by their tolerance to metals and acid pH. However, different mechanisms could be involved in the adaptation: C.

Feasibility of copper uptake by the yeast Pichia guilliermondii isolated from sewage sludge.

Copper is one of the most abundant toxic heavy metals in municipal wastewaters and, in consequence, in sewage sludge and compost. The ability of a strain of the yeast Pichia guilliermondii, which was isolated from sewage sludge, to eliminate copper has been evaluated, using both viable and nonviable biomass. It has been found that raising concentrations of copper affected both morphology and physiological parameters of the viable yeast, and it is thought that a process of bioaccumulation may be involved in its copper uptake.