Diagnostic accuracy of renal pelvic dilatation for detecting surgically managed ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Purpose: In this study we evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of renal pelvic dilatation for detecting infants with prenatal hydronephrosis who will need surgical intervention for ureteropelvic junction obstruction during followup.

Materials And Methods: Between 1999 and 2010, 371 newborns diagnosed with isolated prenatal hydronephrosis were prospectively followed. The main event of interest was the need for pyeloplasty.

[Imaging for evaluation of urologic abnormalities in infants with fetal hydronephrosis: advances and controversies].

Recent advances in prenatal diagnosis resulted in an improvement of detection and management of urinary tract abnormalities. Prenatal ultrasonography allows to identify urological abnormalities that otherwise would not be seen until later in life, when complications occur. The voiding cystourethrogram can be reserved for selected patients.

Adrenal insufficiency in association with congenital nephrotic syndrome: a case report.

Adrenal disorders in patients with congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) have seldom been reported, and the mechanisms that could explain this association are not known. The follow-up of a male infant diagnosed with CNS and primary adrenal insufficiency in his first year of life is the object of this paper.

Hemodialysis vascular access in children and adolescents: a ten-year retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: The complications of vascular access have been the major cause of hospitalization among patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on Haemodialysis (HD). Despite recommendations to decrease the use of central venous catheter (CVC) it still represents the main access for children and adolescents who start HD.

Objectives And Methods: This study aimed to evaluate, through a retrospective cohort study, the initial type, the incidence of complications and reasons for failure of vascular access in children and adolescents aged 0 to younger than 18 years who started HD from 1997 to 2007.

[In memoriam: Professor José Silvério Santos Diniz (1935-2011)].

Professor José Silvério Santos Diniz, an exponent of the Brazilian Pediatric Nephrology, died on 23 May, 2011. This editorial is a brief description of the career of this great Brazilian teacher, physician and researcher.

Risk factors for peritonitis and hospitalizations.

Introduction: This study assessed 30 children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease on dialysis, cared for at the Hospital das Clínicas of UFMG, aiming at determining the risk factors for the frequency of peritonitis and hospitalizations.

Method: Descriptive study using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) software, version 13.0.

Descriptive study about the practice of home peritoneal dialysis.

Introduction: As experienced with the assistance evaluation of children/adolescents with chronic kidney disease in dialysis treatment on hospital we thought about which aspects could be relevant to the peritoneal dialysis (PD) application at home. The objective was to describe the level of schooling and information of the parents about the PD technique, general conditions of the place used to do PD at home and search association with inadequate technique.

Method: From March 2004 to May 2006 a descriptive study of an universe of 30 children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease treated in the HC/UFMG.

Difficulties experienced by children/adolescents with chronic kidney disease and by their families.

Introduction: This article assesses one of the objectives of a larger study about home peritoneal dialysis (PD) in children/adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Method: Descriptive study carried out on 30 children/adolescents with CKD cared for at the Hospital das Clínicas of the UFMG from March 2004 to May 2006. A questionnaire was applied to their caregivers about the reactions and difficulties experienced by those patients and their families during dialysis programs.

Behavioral disorders and low quality of life in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease.

Recent years has seen an increasing interest in the quality of life (QOL) of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of behavioral disorders and to assess the health-related QOL (HRQOL) in 136 patients with CKD. To estimate the prevalence of behavior disorders and analyze HRQOL, we used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Pediatric Inventory of Quality of Life (PedsQL) Core Scales as assessment tools for both the patients and caregivers.

Mental disorders and quality of life in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease.

In the last decades there was a striking improvement in survival of children with chronic kidney disease. As life expectancy has increased in children with CKD, concern has risen about its physical, psychological, and social consequences. The aim of this study was to perform a review of the psychological consequences of CKD in the pediatric population, with the focus on mental disorders and on quality of life.

Combined use of late phase dimercapto-succinic acid renal scintigraphy and ultrasound as first line screening after urinary tract infection in children.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dimercapto-succinic acid renal scintigraphy and renal ultrasound in identifying high grade vesicoureteral reflux in children after a first episode of urinary tract infection.

Materials And Methods: A total of 533 children following a first urinary tract infection were included in the analysis. Patients were assessed by 3 diagnostic imaging studies, renal ultrasound, dimercapto-succinic acid scan and voiding cystourethrography.

Risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infections in a cohort of patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux.

Background: Knowledge of risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) recurrence in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) can help clinicians make therapeutic decisions. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to identify risk factors associated with recurrent urinary tract infection in children with VUR. In addition, a risk score that might predict the chance of UTI recurrence was also proposed.

Independent risk factors for renal damage in a series of primary vesicoureteral reflux: a multivariate analysis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with different extents of renal parenchyma involvement in a paediatric series of primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

Methods: A total of 549 patients with VUR were analyzed. The variable of interest was renal scar, assessed by technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid scan, and classified into three subtypes: focal scar, multiple cortical scarring and diffuse scars with a contracted renal unit.

Clinical outcome of children with chronic kidney disease in a pre-dialysis interdisciplinary program.

The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to describe the outcome of 107 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) admitted to a pre-dialysis interdisciplinary management program from 1990 to 2006. The events of interest were progression to CKD stage 5 (renal survival), patient survival, hypertension, and somatic growth. Survival was studied by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Cardiac sympathetic dysautonomia in children with chronic kidney disease.

Background: The pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains uncertain, but autonomic dysfunction seems to be involved. The aim of the study is to investigate the cardiac dysautonomia in uremic pediatric individuals through iodine 123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.

Methods And Results: We divided 40 CKD patients (aged 5-21 years) into 4 groups according to the treatment for CKD: conservative (n = 7), continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (n = 5), hemodialysis (n = 13), and kidney transplantation (n = 15).

Risk of hypertension in primary vesicoureteral reflux.

The aim of this report was to estimate the risk of hypertension in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Between 1970 and 2004, 735 patients were diagnosed with VUR at a single tertiary renal unit. Of 735 patients, 664 (90%) were systematically followed and had multiple measurements of blood pressure.

Ultrasound progression of prenatally detected multicystic dysplastic kidney.

Objectives: To evaluate the sonographic involution of prenatally detected multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK).

Methods: A total of 53 children with unilateral MCDK detected by prenatal ultrasonography between 1989 and 2004 were included in this analysis. All children received conservative management with follow-up visits every 6 months.

Predictive factors of chronic kidney disease in severe vesicoureteral reflux.

The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate independent predictive factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children with severe bilateral primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Between 1970 and 2004, 184 patients were diagnosed with VUR (grades III-V) and were systematically followed up at a single tertiary renal unit. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <75 ml/min per 1.

Clinical course of 735 children and adolescents with primary vesicoureteral reflux.

The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to report the clinical course of children with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Between 1970 and 2004, 735 patients were diagnosed with VUR and were systematically followed in a single tertiary renal unit. Patients were followed up for a mean time of 76 months (6 months to 411 months).

Predictive factors of resolution of primary vesico-ureteric reflux: a multivariate analysis.

Objective: To identify independent factors predicting the resolution of primary vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) in a cohort of medically managed children.

Patients And Methods: Between 1977 and 2003, 506 children were diagnosed with VUR and were conservatively managed and prospectively followed. All of the children were maintained on antibiotic prophylaxis.

Gender and vesico-ureteral reflux: a multivariate analysis.

The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to describe the characteristics of patients with primary vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) with special attention to gender-specific differences. Between 1970 and 2004, 735 patients were diagnosed with VUR and were systematically followed in a single tertiary renal unit. The following variables were analyzed: race, age at diagnosis, clinical presentation, weight and height Z-score, unilateral/bilateral reflux, VUR grade, renal damage, severity of renal damage, constipation, and dysfunctional voiding.

Clinical course of 110 children and adolescents with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to report the clinical course of children and adolescents with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The records of 110 patients with biopsy-proven FSGS admitted between 1972 and 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were recorded and histopathological data were reanalyzed by one pathologist who had no information about the outcome of the patients.

[Conservative management of multicystic dysplastic kidney: clinical course and ultrasound outcome].

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical course and ultrasound outcome of prenatally detected multicystic dysplastic kidney.

Methods: Fifty-three children with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney detected by prenatal ultrasound between 1989 and 2004 were included in the analysis. All children were submitted to conservative management with follow-up visits every six months.

[Baseline clinical features of 483 children and adolescents with primary vesicoureteral reflux: a retrospective study].

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical/radiological features of patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) admitted to a single institution from 1969 to 1999.

Methods: At admission, after the institution of chemoprophylaxis, patients were investigated by CUM, DMSA, and US. The children were managed with periodical clinical and laboratory evaluations.