Cell wall compounds of red grapes skins and their grape marcs from three different winemaking techniques.

Different winemaking practices are aimed at increasing cell wall degradation to facilitate extraction of valuables molecules into the wine. However, little attention has been paid to the composition of marcs from different cultivars according to the influence of the winemaking procedures. We provide information on skin cell walls from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell grapes and examine how different winemaking practices (addition of enzymatic preparation and β-galactosidase separately and dry ice addition) may affect the composition of marc skin cell wall material (CWM).

Oligosaccharides of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell red wines.

Wine oligosaccharides were recently characterized and their concentrations, their composition and their roles on different wines remain to be determined. The concentration and composition of oligosaccharides in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell wines was studied. Oligosaccharide fractions were isolated by high resolution size-exclusion chromatography.

The composition of cell walls from grape marcs is affected by grape origin and enological technique.

The grape marc obtained after vinification could be a source of high value compounds and the different winemaking techniques could influence such compounds. The composition of skin cell walls from Monastrell grapes grown in three different locations near Murcia (S.E.

Effect of enzyme additions on the oligosaccharide composition of Monastrell red wines from four different wine-growing origins in Spain.

The release of oligosaccharides during winemaking depends on the grape skin cell wall degradation, which can be facilitated by the use of enzymes. Oligosaccharide quantities and composition in wine could be influenced by the "terroir" effect. Monastrell wine was elaborated from grapes from four different "terroirs" (Cañada Judío, Albatana, Chaparral-Bullas and Montealegre).

Evaluating the Polyphenol Profile in Three Segregating Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Populations.

This paper explores the characteristics of the anthocyanin and flavonol composition and content in grapes from plants resulting from intraspecific crosses of Vitis vinifera varieties Monastrell × Cabernet Sauvignon, Monastrell × Syrah, and Monastrell × Barbera, in order to acquire information for future breeding programs. The anthocyanin and flavonol compositions of twenty-seven hybrids bearing red grapes and 15 hybrids bearing white grapes from Monastrell × Syrah, 32 red and 6 white from Monastrell × Cabernet Sauvignon, and 13 red from Monastrell × Barbera have been studied. Among the intraspecific crosses, plants with grapes presenting very high concentrations of anthocyanins and flavonols were found, indicating a transgressive segregation for this character, and this could lead to highly colored wines with an increased benefits for human health.

Increasing the phenolic compound content of grapes by preharvest application of abcisic acid and a combination of methyl jasmonate and benzothiadiazole.

Benzothiadiazole (BTH) and methyl jasmonate (MeJ) have been described as exogenous elicitors of some plant defense compounds, polyphenols among them. Given that they activate different arrays of biochemical reactions to induce resistance, the objective of this study was to determine whether the joint application of BTH and MeJ to grape clusters affects the level of the main flavonoid compounds in grapes and in the resulting wines. The results are compared with those obtained when abscisic acid (ABA), a plant growth regulator involved in several physiological processes, was sprayed in the same vineyard.

Polysaccharide composition of Monastrell red wines from four different Spanish terroirs: effect of wine-making techniques.

Monastrell wines made from grapes grown in four different Spanish "terroirs" (Cañada Judı́o, Albatana, Bullas, and Montealegre) were studied. Different wine-making techniques were also used, including different refrigeration techniques (prefermentative cold maceration and dry ice addition) and the addition of two different enzymes (β-galactosidase and commercial pectinase enzyme). The results pointed to significant differences in the Monastrell wine polysaccharide fractions according to the geographical origin of the grapes.

Improving grape phenolic content and wine chromatic characteristics through the use of two different elicitors: methyl jasmonate versus benzothiadiazole.

Benzothiadiazole (BTH) and methyl jasmonate (MeJ) have been described as exogenous elicitors of some plant defense compounds, polyphenols among them. The objective of this study was to determine whether the application of BTH or MeJ to grape clusters at the beginning of the ripening process had any effect on the accumulation of the main flavonoid compounds in grapes (anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavanols) and the technological significance of these treatments in the resulting wines. The results obtained after a 2 year experiment indicated that both treatments increased the anthocyanin, flavonol, and proanthocyanidin content of grapes.

The extraction of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins from grapes to wine during fermentative maceration is affected by the enological technique.

The effect of three enological techniques (low temperature prefermentative maceration, must freezing with dry ice, and the use of a maceration enzyme) on the extraction of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins from must to wine during fermentative maceration was studied to determine the extent to which these compounds are extracted and to assess the changes on their qualitative composition due to enological technique applied. The results showed that the dry ice treatment led to wines with high color intensity and high anthocyanin content, the maximum rate of extraction being observed the first 6 days of fermentative maceration. Regarding the effect of the different techniques on the quantitative and qualitative composition of proanthocyanidins, only the dry ice treatment seemed to favor the extraction of high molecular weight skin proanthocyanidins.

Effect of different enological practices on skin and seed proanthocyanidins in three varietal wines.

Proanthocyanidins are important for wine quality since they participate in astringency, bitterness and color. Given the localization of proanthocyanidins in the berry (skin and seeds), different methods have been developed that help to modulate the release of these phenolic compounds. In this study, the effect of two low prefermentative temperature techniques (cold soak and must freezing with dry ice) and the use of macerating enzymes has been studied during the vinification of three different varietal wines (Monastrell, Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon) to assess their influence on wine proanthocyanidin concentration and composition.

Effect of micro-oxygenation on color and anthocyanin-related compounds of wines with different phenolic contents.

Several factors may affect the results obtained when micro-oxygenation is applied to red wines, the most important being the moment of application, the doses of oxygen, and the wine phenolic characteristics. In this study, three red wines, made from Vitis vinifera var. Monastrell (2005 vintage) and with different phenolic characteristics, were micro-oxygenated to determine as to how this technique affected the formation of new pigments in the wines and their chromatic characteristics.

Extraction and formation dynamic of oak-related volatile compounds from different volume barrels to wine and their behavior during bottle storage.

The extraction rate of furfuryl aldehydes, guaiacol, and 4-methylguaiacol, cis- and trans-oak lactone, and vanillin and the formation rate of furfuryl alcohol and the volatile phenols 4-ethylguaiacol and 4-ethylphenol have been studied in wines matured in different capacity oak barrels (220, 500, and 1000 L). Also, the behavior of these compounds during 1 year of wine bottle storage was followed. The lactones were extracted at a linear rate with large differences that depended on barrel volume.