Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes Causing Invasive Disease in Pediatric Population in Spain A 12-year Study.

Objectives: To perform a comprehensive description of the epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes invasive disease in the pediatric population in 2 regions of Spain (Catalonia and Gipuzkoa) through 12 years.

Methods: All S. pyogenes isolates causing invasive disease in pediatric patients between 2005 and 2016 were included.

Isolation and Characterization of Actinobacteria from Algerian Sahara Soils with Antimicrobial Activities.

Extreme ecosystems can be a source of untapped microorganisms to produce novel bioactive compounds of industrial interest. Consequently, in this work, 32 actinomycetes were isolated from 6 soil samples collected from Algerian Sahara in searching for untapped producers of novel antimicrobial compounds. All the isolates were further subjected to antimicrobial screening against pathogenic bacteria, yeast and fungi.

What causes decreased erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes? Dynamics of four clones in a southern European region from 2005 to 2012.

Objectives: To survey antibiotic resistance among Streptococcus pyogenes isolates collected from 2005 to 2012, to characterize those showing erythromycin resistance and to analyse the association of certain emm types with erythromycin resistance or susceptibility.

Methods: Resistance determinants or mutations conferring erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline and fluoroquinolone resistance were analysed. All erythromycin-resistant isolates and a sample of erythromycin-susceptible isolates were emm typed.

Streptococcus pyogenes emm-types in northern Spain; population dynamics over a 7-year period.

Objective: To know the clinical entities caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as well as the characteristics of the isolates involved in them throughout a 7-year-study.

Methods: All S. pyogenes infectious episodes from the community recorded in the reference hospital of Gipuzkoa between 2005 and 2011 were included (n = 11,342).

Decline and rise of the antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from middle ear fluid in children: influence of changes in circulating serotypes.

Changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing otitis media were studied in 916 isolates from children <5 years old between 1999 and 2010 in a region of northern Spain. The rate of antimicrobial resistance decreased between the period before the introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (from 1999 to 2001) and the period from 2005 to 2007. However, in 2008 to 2010, resistance rates increased again due to the spread of serotype 19A, especially the multidrug-resistant ST320 and ST276 clones.

Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus carrying the panton-valentine leucocidin genes in northern Spain.

Objectives: To study the prevalence of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) gene in methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus obtained in Gipuzkoa, northeastern area of the Basque Country, north-central Spain, and perform the molecular characterization of PVL-positive isolates.

Methods: Molecular studies comprised: PVL gene detection by PCR, staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) typing, spa sequencing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and detection of the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME).

Results: Between 1978 and 2006, only two (0.

Epidemiological and molecular aspects of rifampicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds, blood and respiratory samples.

Objectives: To study the incidence of rifampicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Gipuzkoa, Northern Spain, and to characterize representative resistant isolates and mutations associated with resistance.

Methods: For rifampicin-resistant isolates, the rpoB gene fragment that includes the most frequent mutations conferring rifampicin resistance in S. aureus was amplified and sequenced.

In vitro activities of retapamulin and 16 other antimicrobial agents against recently obtained Streptococcus pyogenes isolates.

Retapamulin in vitro activity against 400 Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates obtained from skin, pharynx, ear fluid, and blood samples recovered from 2007 to 2009 was studied. The isolates belonged to 26 different emm types, including isolates nonsusceptible to erythromycin (n=187), tetracycline (n=99), ciprofloxacin (n=59), and bacitracin (n=43). Results were compared to the activities of 16 other antibiotics for topical and systemic use.

Spread of a highly mucoid Streptococcus pyogenes emm3/ST15 clone.

Background: Hyaluronic acid capsule plays a key role in Streptococcus pyogenes virulence. Circulation of mucoid or highly encapsulated strains has been related to rheumatic fever epidemics and invasive disease in several countries. In 2009, an outbreak of mucoid S.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates displaying the MLSB phenotype of macrolide resistance in Spain, 1999 to 2005.

The aim of this study was to describe the genetic characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes showing the MLSB phenotype of macrolide resistance from 1999 to 2005 in Spain and to highlight the substantial increase in these isolates in the last few years. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 17,232 group A streptococci isolated from Madrid and Gipuzkoa from 1999 to 2005 were studied. The presence of the resistance genes ermA, ermB, mef, tetM, and tetO and the presence of the intTn and xis genes of the Tn916-Tn1545 transposon family were studied in a sample of 739 MLSB-resistant isolates.

Erythromycin resistance and genetic elements carrying macrolide efflux genes in Streptococcus agalactiae.

The macrolide resistance determinants and genetic elements carrying the mef(A) and mef(E) subclasses of the mef gene were studied with Streptococcus agalactiae isolated in 2003 and 2004 from 7,084 vaginorectal cultures performed to detect carrier pregnant women. The prevalence of carriage was 18% (1,276 isolates), and that of erythromycin resistance 11.0% (129 of the 1,171 isolates studied).

New mutations and horizontal transfer of rpoB among rifampin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae from four Spanish hospitals.

A total of 103 (0.7%) of 14,236 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected in four Spanish hospitals from 1989 to 2003 were resistant to rifampin (MICs, 4 to 512 microg/ml). Only sixty-one (59.

Spectrum of antibiotic resistance of the Spain14-5 Streptococcus pneumoniae clone over a 22 year period.

Objective: To study the characteristics and the evolution through time of a single Streptococcus pneumoniae multidrug-resistant international clone.

Methods: From 1981 to 2002, the presence of the multidrug-resistant Spain14-5 clone was studied among the 4201 S. pneumoniae isolated in Gipuzkoa (northern Spain).

Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 infection of a prosthetic knee joint related to recurrent hemarthrosis.

Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated in joint fluid containing blood extracted from the knee of an 80-y-old woman with a 10-y history of total knee arthroplasty. Recurrent hemarthrosis had previously occurred in this knee. It appeared that the effusion of blood led to the deposition of iron on the joint, which may have contributed to the development of infection.