Follow-Up Biomarkers in the Evolution of Prostate Cancer, Levels of as a Detector in Plasma.

The management and screening of prostate cancer (PC) is still the main problem in clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the role of aggressiveness genetic markers for PC stratification. We analyzed 201 plasma samples from PC patients and controls by digital PCR.

Incidental diagnosis of bladder cancer in a national observational study in spain.

Introduction: Bladder cancer (BC) is a common malignancy in Spain. The aims of this study were: to identify the proportion of patients diagnosed with BC incidentally or after symptomatic presentation in a contemporary period in Spain; to compare demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics between these groups.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a multi-centre observational study of 26 hospitals in the Spanish National Health System of all BCs newly diagnosed in 2011.

Tumor Escape Phenotype in Bladder Cancer Is Associated with Loss of HLA Class I Expression, T-Cell Exclusion and Stromal Changes.

Cancer eradication and clinical outcome of immunotherapy depend on tumor cell immunogenicity, including HLA class I (HLA-I) and PD-L1 expression on malignant cells, and on the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor immune infiltration and stromal reaction. Loss of tumor HLA-I is a common mechanism of immune escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is linked to cancer progression and resistance to immunotherapy with the inhibitors of PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. Here we observed that HLA-I loss in bladder tumors is associated with T cell exclusion and tumor encapsulation with stromal elements rich in FAP-positive cells.

Prospective study of diagnostic accuracy in the detection of high-grade prostate cancer in biopsy-naïve patients with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer who underwent the Select MDx test.

Objectives: This study aimed to externally validate the diagnostic accuracy of the Select MDx test for Significant prostate cancer (Sig PCa) (ISUP > 1), in a contemporaneous, prospective, multicenter cohort with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) between 3 and 10 ng/ml and a non-suspicious digital rectal examination.

Methods And Participants: For all enrolled patients, the Select Mdx test, the risk calculator ERSPC3 + DRE, and a prostatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were carried out. Subsequently, a systematic 12-core trans-rectal biopsy and a targeted biopsy, in the case of a prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PIRADS) > 2 lesion (max three lesions), were performed.

Biofabrication of a Tubular Model of Human Urothelial Mucosa Using Human Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Several models of bioartificial human urothelial mucosa (UM) have been described recently. In this study, we generated novel tubularized UM substitutes using alternative sources of cells. Nanostructured fibrin-agarose biomaterials containing fibroblasts isolated from the human ureter were used as stroma substitutes.

GSTM1 gene expression and copy number variation in prostate cancer patients-Effect of chemical exposures and physical activity.

Background: Many etiological factors have been related to prostate cancer (CaP) development, progression, and survival, such as age, population origin, geographic area, occupational exposures, and nutrition and lifestyle factors. However, physical activity affords health benefits to cancer patients, including those with CaP. Glutathione S-Transferases enzymes have been linked to CaP because of their role in the detoxification of a wide variety of potential carcinogens, steroid hormones and xenobiotics.

[Cost-effectiveness model of a fixed dose combination of solifenacin and tamsulosin for the treatment of LUTS associated with BPH with inadequate response to monotherapy.].

Objective: To compare the cost-effectiveness of fixed dose combination of solifenacin 6 mg and tamsulosin 0.4 mg in a controlled absorption system (TOCAS) with free dose combination of tolterodine plus tamsulosin, when used for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who do not respond adequately to monotherapy. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System.

Improving the genetic signature of prostate cancer, the somatic mutations.

Background: Somatic mutations have been related to the highest incidence of metastatic disease and different treatment responses. The molecular cause of prostate cancer (PC) is still unclear; however, its progression involves alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes as well as somatic mutations such as the ones in PIK3CA gene. A high percentage of PC is considered sporadic, which means that the damage to the genes occurs by chance after birth (mainly somatic mutations will drive the cancer event).

Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of prostate cancer.

In Europe, countries following the traditional Mediterranean Diet (MeDi), particularly Southern European countries, have lower prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality compared to other European regions. In the present study, we investigated the association between the MeDi and the relative risk of PCa and tumor aggressiveness in a Spanish population. Among individual score components, it has been found that subjects with PCa were less likely to consume olive oil as the main culinary fat, vegetables, fruits and fish than those without.

[Consensus on castration-resistant prostate cancer management in Spain.].

Objectives: To move towards a more standardized approach in clinical practice to manage patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in Spain.

Methods: A panel of 18 Spanish experts in Urology with expertise managing CRPC followed a modified Delphi process with two rounds and a final face-to-face consensus meeting. The panel considered a total of 106 clinical questions divided into the following 6 sections: definition of CRPC, diagnosis of metastases by imaging techniques, symptoms of CRPC, progression of CRPC, M0 and M1 management and therapeutic sequencing.

Association between polymorphisms in sex hormones synthesis and metabolism and prostate cancer aggressiveness.

Novel biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and prognosis are necessary to improve the accuracy of current ones employed in clinic. We performed a retrospective study between the association of several polymorphisms in the main genes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of sex hormones and PCa risk and aggressiveness. A total of 311 Caucasian men (155 controls and 156 patients) were genotyped for 9 SNPs in AR, CYP17A1, LHCGR, ESR1 and ESR2 genes.

The influence of nutritional factors on prostate cancer incidence and aggressiveness.

There is an increasing evidence for a link between nutrition, lifestyle and prostate cancer (PCa) development and/or progression of disease. The objective of this study was to examine the association between dietary factors and PCa incidence and aggressiveness in a case-control study. After the analysis of the anatomic pathology, subjects were classified in patients with PCa (n = 157) and controls (n = 158).

Association between RNASEL, MSR1, and ELAC2 single nucleotide polymorphisms and gene expression in prostate cancer risk.

Background: There is contradictory evidence of the effects that environmental factors-dietary habits (ingestion rates of red meat, soy products, fish, etc.) and work environment (exposure to metals, pesticides, several toxic products, etc.)-and KLK3, AR, RNASEL, MSR1, and ELAC2 expression patterns have on prostate cancer (PCa).

Frequent HLA class I alterations in human prostate cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance.

Reduced expression of HLA class I is an important immune escape mechanism from cytotoxic T cells described in various types of malignancy. It often correlates with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. However, current knowledge about the frequency, underlying molecular mechanisms, and prognostic value of HLA class I and II alterations in prostate cancer (PC) is limited.

Lifestyle and dietary factors in relation to prostate cancer risk.

The aim of the present study was to determine the association between the socio-demographic, lifestyle factors, and dietary habits with the risk of prostate cancer (PC) in a case-control study of Spanish men. None of the socio-demographic, lifestyle or dietetic variables was found predictors of PC risk. Body mass index was associated with an increased risk for aggressive PC and fruit consumption with lower Gleason scores, thus less aggressive cancers.

Prognostic role of genetic biomarkers in clinical progression of prostate cancer.

The aim of this study was to analyze the use of 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes ELAC2, RNASEL and MSR1 as biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) detection and progression, as well as perform a genetic classification of high-risk patients. A cohort of 451 men (235 patients and 216 controls) was studied. We calculated means of regression analysis using clinical values (stage, prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score and progression) in patients and controls at the basal stage and after a follow-up of 72 months.

Nephron-sparing surgery in renal cell carcinoma: current perspectives on technical issues.

Surgical resection remains the standard treatment for renal cell carcinoma. Although historically the concept of wide excision of the affected kidney dictated surgical thinking for more than half a century, a better understanding of the biology of this tumor, standardized staging, and changing patterns of presentation permit today a refined management approach with nephron-sparing surgery, thus limiting potential long-term morbidity by maximizing the preservation of functional renal parenchyma. This paper aims to review the current status of nephron-sparing surgery for solid renal masses with an emphasis on indications, preoperative assessment, and operative technical issues, summarizing the most recent existing data on the subject.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes as risk factors associated to prostate cancer progression.

Background: Besides serum levels of PSA, there is a lack of prostate cancer specific biomarkers. It is need to develop new biological markers associated with the tumor behavior which would be valuable to better individualize treatment. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in DNA repair and prostate cancer progression.

Mediterranean diet adherence and prostate cancer risk.

Background: Countries following the traditional Mediterranean Diet, particularly Southern European countries, have lower prostate cancer incidence and mortality compared to other European regions. The beneficial effect has been attributed to a specific eating pattern.

Objective: The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence to date on the effects of adherence to a Mediterranean Diet on prostate cancer risk; and to identify which elements of the Mediterranean diet are likely to protect against prostate cancer.

The potential impact of adding genetic markers to clinical parameters in managing high-risk prostate cancer patients.

Purpose: High-risk prostate cancer is a potentially lethal disease that is increasing in the diagnosis of prostate cancer patients. Compared to other prostate cancer patients (medium or low risk), management, diagnosis and treatment are not as successful among high-risk patients. Because the genetic characterization of prostate cancer patients is increasing, we aimed to determine whether genetic information in one of the primary associated genes, such as RNASEL (2', 5'-oligoadenylate-dependent RNase L), could be used as a biomarker to improve the quality of life and treatment among high-risk patients.

Polymorphisms in DNA-repair genes in a cohort of prostate cancer patients from different areas in Spain: heterogeneity between populations as a confounding factor in association studies.

Background: Differences in the distribution of genotypes between individuals of the same ethnicity are an important confounder factor commonly undervalued in typical association studies conducted in radiogenomics.

Objective: To evaluate the genotypic distribution of SNPs in a wide set of Spanish prostate cancer patients for determine the homogeneity of the population and to disclose potential bias.

Design Setting And Participants: A total of 601 prostate cancer patients from Andalusia, Basque Country, Canary and Catalonia were genotyped for 10 SNPs located in 6 different genes associated to DNA repair: XRCC1 (rs25487, rs25489, rs1799782), ERCC2 (rs13181), ERCC1 (rs11615), LIG4 (rs1805388, rs1805386), ATM (rs17503908, rs1800057) and P53 (rs1042522).

Genetic analysis of the principal genes related to prostate cancer: a review.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common leading causes of cancer death in men. Attributable to many genetic linkage and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) around the world, several high-penetrance genetic variants have been identified. Many polymorphisms in genes, such as ELAC2 (locus HPC2), RNase L (locus hereditary prostate cancer 1 gene [HPC1]), and MSR1 have been recognized as important genetic factors that confer an increased risk of developing prostate cancer in many populations.