Relationship between toilet training process and primary nocturnal enuresis in children and adolescents - A systematic review.

Introduction: Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) affects the quality of life of children and families and may lead to low self-esteem and social isolation. The pathophysiology of enuresis is multifactorial. This systematic review aimed to investigate the relationship between toilet training (TT) and PNE in children and adolescents.

Accuracy of the short screening instrument for psychological problems (SSIPPE) in enuresis in the Identification of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity symptoms in the enuretic population.

Introduction: Enuresis prevalence is approximately 5-15% in children aged 6-7 years. The presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in enuretic children is associated with 3 times greater risk of persistent enuresis. The Multimodal Treatment Study for ADHD (MTA) Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham version IV (SNAP-IV) is one of the most used instruments to evaluate ADHD symptoms, but it is a time-consuming questionnaire.

Emotional and behavioural problems in children and adolescents: The role of constipation.

Aim: The functional constipation (FC) is a source of an expressive suffering in children, negatively affecting their emotional, social, and physical well-being. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and behavioural characteristics of children/adolescents with FC.

Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, analytical study was conducted in public places by interviewing parents of children/adolescents about their child's bowel habits and psychological profile.

Smoking and its association with cryptorchidism in Down syndrome.

Introduction: Cryptorchidism is a common and prevalent condition in patients with Down syndrome. Environmental factors, such as smoking, can be associated with malformations during fetal development. The study of the prevalence of cryptorchidism and its association with parental tobacco use in Down syndrome can contribute to alert health care professionals, patients and family members regarding the prevention of the harms caused by cryptorchidism and its possible predisposing factors.

Association between renal cysts and abdominal aortic aneurysm: A case-control study.

Objective: To investigate the positive association between the presence of simple renal cysts (SRCs) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

Method: In a retrospective case-control study including subjects aged > 50 years, we evaluated the incidence of SRCs on computed tomography (CT) scan. We compared 91 consecutive patients with AAA referred from the Division of Vascular Surgery and 396 patients without AAA, randomly selected after being matched by age and gender from 3,186 consecutive patients who underwent abdominal CT.

Prolonged toilet training in children with Down syndrome: a case-control study.

Objectives: Children with Down syndrome have delayed psychomotor development, which is a factor that influences the level of difficulty in toilet training. The current study aims to estimate the age toilet training starts and completes in children with DS compared to children with normal psychomotor development and to evaluate the method and type of toilet training most frequently used, as well as its association with lower urinary tract symptoms and functional constipation.

Methods: A case-control study was carried out from 2010 to 2015.

Constipation and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Study.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between constipation and lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and nocturnal enuresis in a population-based study.

Material And Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The criteria for inclusion were children and adolescents of between 5 and 17 years and who agreed to sign the informed consent form.

Association between exclusive maternal breastfeeding during the first 4 months of life and primary enuresis.

Introduction: Although the relationship between enuresis and breastfeeding is still poorly documented in the literature, a possible association is speculated as both are strongly associated with children's development. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an association between primary enuresis and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding.

Material And Methods: This is an observational, case-control study, involving 200 children and adolescents from 6 to 14 years old, who were divided into two groups: the enuresis group (EG), composed of 100 children with primary enuresis; and the control group (CG) of 100 matched children without enuresis.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of febrile urinary tract infections in children with vesicoureteral reflux: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials comparing dilated to nondilated vesicoureteral reflux.

Purpose: The followup and treatment of children with vesicoureteral reflux has been debated for many years. Antibiotic prophylaxis has a role for preventing urinary tract infection in these children. Recent studies and guidelines suggested that prophylaxis has little or no role in preventing urinary tract infection in those children, especially those with low grades (I and II) of reflux.

Transcutaneous parasacral electrical stimulation vs oxybutynin for the treatment of overactive bladder in children: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: We determined the effectiveness of 2 methods to treat overactive bladder in children using intragroup and intergroup comparisons in a randomized clinical trial.

Materials And Methods: Nine boys and 19 girls with a mean ± SD age of 6.4 ± 2.

Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in individuals with Down syndrome.

Objectives: Down syndrome (DS), which is caused by the trisomy of chromosome 21, is the most frequent of all genetic syndromes. The current study aims to estimate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in individuals with DS buy using the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS) and correlate with functional constipation, age, and gender, as well as determine the most sensitive and specific factors associated with LUTS.

Methods: LUTS was assessed in individuals with DS using a cross-sectional study through the application of a validated and adapted version of the DVSS for the Brazilian population.

A prospective evaluation of plastibell® circumcision in older children.

Introduction And Objective: Circumcision is one of the oldest surgical procedures and one of the most frequently performed worldwide. It can be done by many different techniques. This prospective series presents the results of Plastibell® circumcision in children older than 2 years of age, evaluating surgical duration, immediate and late complications, time for plastic device separation and factors associated with it.

Transcutaneous parasacral electrical neural stimulation in children with primary monosymptomatic enuresis: a prospective randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: Parasacral transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation is widely used to treat hyperactive bladder in children and adults. Its use in nonmonosymptomatic enuresis has demonstrated improvement in number of dry nights. We assessed the effectiveness of parasacral transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation in the treatment of monosymptomatic primary enuresis.

Assessment of pain and hemodynamic response in older children undergoing circumcision: comparison of eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine cream and dorsal penile nerve block.

Objective: To evaluate whether dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) or local topical anesthesia (LT) provided better postoperative analgesia and less hemodynamic stimulation during and after circumcision surgery with Plastibell in older children.

Methods: Forty-one subjects (age: 2-13 years) undergoing circumcision with Plastibell were randomly divided into LT and DPNB groups. Inhalation induction was performed with an 8% end-tidal sevoflurane concentration.

Structural study of prepuce in hypospadias--does topical treatment with testosterone produce alterations in prepuce vascularization?

Purpose: Androgen stimulation before hypospadias surgery has resulted in increased penile size, fewer complications and improved cosmesis, and suggests increased neovascularization. To our knowledge the real effect on neovascularization remains to be proved. We studied the histological effects of testosterone on neovascularization.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the dysfunctional voiding score symptom (DVSS) questionnaire for Brazilian children.

Purpose: To translate and culturally adapt the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS), questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese.

Materials And Methods: The 10-item Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS) was translated into Brazilian Portuguese according to a standard methodology: translation, synthesis, back-translation, Expert Committee, and pre-testing. After the translation process the final version was pre-tested and patient responses were analyzed to identify necessary modifications.

Prospective randomized trial comparing dissection with Plastibell® circumcision.

Objective: To compare and evaluate dissection and Plastibell(®) circumcision techniques for the treatment of phimosis.

Methods: In 2006-2007, 125 children were submitted to circumcision by the same surgeon. The children were randomly divided into two groups (PD: Plastibell(®) and DC: dissection).

[Acute abdomen: spontaneous bladder rupture as an important differential diagnosis].

A case of spontaneous perforation of the bladder in a diabetic female patient is reported. It is a rare clinical condition, that should be suspected in patients with a past history of radiotherapy to the pelvis, enterocystoplasty and those suspected of having a tumor in the bladder. A general surgeon should be aware of this possibility in the differential diagnosis of an acute abdomen.

Metanephric adenoma: a rare differential diagnosis of renal tumor in children.

Metanephric adenoma is an extremely rare tumor of the kidney. The clinical and anatomic characteristics are not yet well defined, but it is currently considered to be a benign tumor with a good prognosis, although recently two metastatic cases have been reported. Around 50% of cases are incidental findings, and symptoms include polycythemia, abdominal pain, hematuria and palpable mass.