Spatial variability of hydrochemistry and environmental controls in karst aquifers of the southern Iberian Peninsula: Implications for climate change impact assessment.

Carbonate aquifers are crucial water and carbon reservoirs globally, particularly in semi-arid climates. However, these systems are susceptible to the impacts of climate change, given their sensitivity to specific environmental factors. This study presents the hydrochemical (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and major ions) and isotopic (δC) composition of 39 karst springs in the southern Iberian Peninsula, along with the parameterization of environmental factors (temperature, precipitation, recharge altitude, and vegetation cover quantified by the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index, NDVI) in their recharge areas.