Detection and quantification of cocoa powder adulteration using Vis-NIR spectroscopy with chemometrics approach.

The rising demand for cocoa powder has resulted in an upsurge in market prices, leading to the emergence of adulteration practices aimed at achieving economic benefits. This study aimed to detect and quantify cocoa powder adulteration using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS). The adulterants used in this study were powdered carob, cocoa shell, foxtail millet, soybean, and whole wheat.

Adalimumab Maintenance Treatment in Ulcerative Colitis: Outcomes by Prior Anti-TNF Use and Efficacy of Dose Escalation.

Background: The impact of prior anti-TNF use on "real-life" outcomes of adalimumab therapy in ulcerative colitis (UC) is not well known.

Aim: To compare the influence of prior anti-TNF use on the outcomes of adalimumab maintenance treatment in UC patients. We also assessed the effectiveness of adalimumab dose escalation.

Adalimumab is effective in long-term real life clinical practice in both luminal and perianal Crohn's disease. The Madrid experience.

Objective: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of adalimumab in CD patients of the Madrid area and identify predictors of response.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective survey of all CD patients treated with adalimumab in 9 hospitals of the Madrid area (Spain). Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictors of response was performed.

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.

Methods: Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine (2.4 g/d) plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine (0.