Eye-of-the-Tiger Sign with an Unexpected Pathological Diagnosis.

Background: Clinical diagnosis of atypical parkinsonisms may be challenging. The eye-of-the-tiger sign on brain MRI, typical of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, has been anecdotally observed in cases clinically diagnosed as atypical parkinsonisms.

Objectives: To show how clinical syndromes and even neuroimaging sometimes may lead the neurologist to a misunderstanding, just as to emphasize the important role of pathology to establish the final diagnosis in these cases.

SURINPARK: Safinamide for Urinary Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Urinary symptoms are common, disabling and generally unresponsive to treatment in Parkinson´s disease (PD). Safinamide is approved as an add-on therapy to levodopa to improve fluctuations.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of electronic records of nondemented PD patients seen consecutively in a Movement Disorders Unit (November 2018-February 2019).

Novel mutations in the KCNJ10 gene associated to a distinctive ataxia, sensorineural hearing loss and spasticity clinical phenotype.

KCNJ10 encodes the inward-rectifying potassium channel (Kir4.1) that is expressed in the brain, inner ear, and kidney. Loss-of-function mutations in KCNJ10 gene cause a complex syndrome consisting of epilepsy, ataxia, intellectual disability, sensorineural deafness, and tubulopathy (EAST/SeSAME syndrome).

Transcranial sonography in atypical parkinsonism: How reliable is it in real clinical practice? A multicentre comprehensive study.

Introduction: Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN+) in transcranial sonography (TCS) is frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD), while lenticular nucleus hyperechogenicity (LN+) and 3rd ventricle enlargement (3V+) are typical of Atypical Parkinsonisms (AP). However, there are no studies assessing the diagnostic yield of all TCS biomarkers in the three AP (progressive supranuclear palsy, PSP, multiple system atrophy, MSA, corticobasal degeneration, CBD). Previous references lack homogeneous criteria and data are incomprehensive.

Current Methods for the Treatment and Prevention of Drug-Induced Parkinsonism and Tardive Dyskinesia in the Elderly.

Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) and tardive dyskinesia (TD) are iatrogenic consequences of antidopaminergic drugs. Both are particularly prevalent among the elderly and those with dementia. However, despite their prevalence, these disorders are often overlooked.

Quantification of the Light Subunit of Neurofilament Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Huntington's Disease Patients.

 Neurofilament light proteins (NFL) are a structural element of the neuronal cytoskeleton and are released with neuronal damage. Its levels are increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the CSF-NFL levels of Huntington´s disease (HD) patients (participating in a clinical trial SAT-HD) as well as of premanifest carriers and compared their results with a sample of healthy controls and correlated CSF-NFL levels with demographic and clinical variables (baseline demographic characteristics and HD measures of disease severity).

Does normal substantia nigra echogenicity make a difference in Parkinson's disease diagnosis? A real clinical practice follow-up study.

Objectives: Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN+) detected by transcranial ultrasound (TUS) is useful for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis. Approximately 15% false negative results of unknown significance are reported. However, most TUS studies are transversal, and diagnosis of PD may change during follow-up.

Incobotulinumtoxin A for Sialorrhea in Neurological Disorders: A Real-Life Experience.

Botulinum toxin type A is one of the most useful treatments of sialorrhea in neurological disorders. Evidence for the use of incobotulinumtoxin A (inco-A) in the treatment of sialorrhea is limited. Thirty-six patients with sialorrhea were treated with infiltrations of inco-A into both parotid glands.

A double-blind, randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled, pilot trial with Sativex in Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease for which there is no curative treatment available. Given that the endocannabinoid system is involved in the pathogenesis of HD mouse models, stimulation of specific targets within this signaling system has been investigated as a promising therapeutic agent in HD. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot clinical trial with Sativex(®), a botanical extract with an equimolecular combination of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.