Association between Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and In-Hospital Mortality in Solid Organ Transplant Admissions: An Observational Analysis in Spain, 2004-2021.

(1) Background: To analyze the association between hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and in-hospital mortality (IHM) during hospital admission for solid organ transplant in Spain during 2004-2021. (2) Methods: We used national hospital discharge data to select all hospital admissions for kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplants. We stratified the data according to HAP status.

Sex-Related Disparities in the Prevalence of Depression among Patients Hospitalized with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain, 2011-2020.

(1) Background: Recent reports suggest a decrease in the prevalence of depression among people with diabetes and important sex-differences in the association between these conditions, however data from Spain is sparse. We aim to assess trends in the prevalence of depression and in-hospital outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) hospitalized (2011-2020) identifying sex-differences. (2) Methods: Using the Spanish national hospital discharge database we analysed the prevalence of depression globally, by sex, and according to the conditions included in the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI).

Group Membership and Social and Personal Identities as Psychosocial Coping Resources to Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 Confinement.

The confinement imposed by measures to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic may in the short and medium term have psychological and psychosocial consequences affecting the well-being and mental health of individuals. This study aims to explore the role played by group membership and social and personal identities as coping resources to face the experience of the COVID-19 confinement and radical disruption of social, work, family and personal life in a sample of 421 people who have experienced a month of strict confinement in the Region of Madrid. Our results show that identity-resources (membership continuity/new group memberships, and personal identity strength) are positively related to process-resources (social support and perceived personal control), and that both are related to better perceived mental health, lower levels of anxiety and depression, and higher well-being (life satisfaction and resilience) during confinement.

Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Characteristics of Pain in Spain: Report from a Population-Based Study.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and characteristics of chronic neck pain, chronic low back pain, and migraine or frequent headaches among Spanish adults in 2014 according to gender, to identify predictors for each of these types of pains, and to compare the prevalence with those found in 2009.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Spain.

Is there an association between diabetes and neck pain and lower back pain? Results of a population-based study.

Background: The objective of the study was to study the association between low back pain (LBP), neck pain (NP), and diabetes while controlling for many sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and lifestyle variables. The study also aimed to identify which of these variables is independently associated with LBP and NP among diabetes sufferers.

Methods: A case-control study using data taken from the European Health Interview Surveys for Spain was conducted in 2009/2010 (n=22,188) and 2014 (n=22,842).

Effect of the economic crisis on the use of health and home care services among elderly Spanish diabetes patients.

Aims: To describe the utilization of health and home care services among older people (≥65 years) with diabetes during the economic crisis; to identify the factors associated with changes in the utilization of these services; and to study the time trends (2009-2014).

Methods: We used the European Health Interview Surveys for Spain (EEHSS) for 2009/10 and 2014. The dependent variables included self-reported hospitalizations; general practitioner (GP) visits; 'other healthcare services' (OHS) used; and home care services (HCS) used.

No evidence of morbidity compression in Spain: a time series study based on national hospitalization records.

Objectives: Compression of morbidity postulates that as the populations age, the age of onset of disease is postponed. The objective of this study is to test for evidence of compression of morbidity in Spain.

Methods: We calculated the age and sex-specific incidence of myocardial infarction, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, as well as bladder, prostate, breast, lung, and colon cancer among hospital discharges covering 99.

Are healthcare workers' intentions to vaccinate related to their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes? A systematic review.

Background: The Summit of Independent European Vaccination Experts (SIEVE) recommended in 2007 that efforts be made to improve healthcare workers' knowledge and beliefs about vaccines, and their attitudes towards them, to increase vaccination coverage. The aim of the study was to compile and analyze the areas of disagreement in the existing evidence about the relationship between healthcare workers' knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about vaccines and their intentions to vaccinate the populations they serve.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search in four electronic databases for studies published in any of seven different languages between February 1998 and June 2009.

Medical, environmental and personal factors of disability in the elderly in Spain: a screening survey based on the International Classification of Functioning.

Objectives: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) advocates a multifactorial and multifaceted conceptualization of disability. The objective of this study was to ascertain major medical, environmental and personal determinants of severe/extreme disability among the elderly population in Spain. The assessment scheme was consistent with the ICF model of disability.

[Spatial pattern of legionellosis in Spain, 2003-2007].

Objectives: To analyze the spatial pattern of legionellosis in Spain for men and women during the period 2003-2007 and to identify spatial clustering of risk.

Methods: We identified the spatial pattern of the distribution of legionellosis rates based on calculation of rates by municipality through the direct method. Smoothing of these rates was performed by the Empirical Bayes method for studying the spatial pattern of disease for both sexes.

Prevalence of disability in a composite ≥75 year-old population in Spain: a screening survey based on the International Classification of Functioning.

Background: The prevalence and predictors of functional status and disability of elderly people have been studied in several European countries including Spain. However, there has been no population-based study incorporating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework as the basis for assessing disability. The present study reports prevalence rates for mild, moderate, and severe/extreme disability by the domains of activities and participation of the ICF.

Arsenic in public water supplies and cardiovascular mortality in Spain.

Background: High-chronic arsenic exposure in drinking water is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. At low-chronic levels, as those present in Spain, evidence is scarce. In this ecological study, we evaluated the association of municipal drinking water arsenic concentrations during the period 1998-2002 with cardiovascular mortality in the population of Spain.

Prevalence of dementia and major dementia subtypes in Spanish populations: a reanalysis of dementia prevalence surveys, 1990-2008.

Background: This study describes the prevalence of dementia and major dementia subtypes in Spanish elderly.

Methods: We identified screening surveys, both published and unpublished, in Spanish populations, which fulfilled specific quality criteria and targeted prevalence of dementia in populations aged 70 years and above. Surveys covering 13 geographically different populations were selected (prevalence period: 1990-2008).

Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination among adults with diabetes in Spain.

Based on data drawn from the 2003 National Health Survey (NHS), we sought to: (1) estimate influenza vaccination coverages among Spanish diabetic adults; (2) analyze which sociodemographic, health-related, and use of health-care services variables were associated with the likelihood of Spanish diabetes sufferers being vaccinated; and (3) analyze the time-trend in coverage for the period 2001-2003. We analyzed data on the 1295 adults suffering diabetes included in the 2003 NHS. The reply to the question "Were you vaccinated against influenza in the last vaccination campaign?" was taken as the dependent variable.

[Cross-cultural validation of Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale (OLQ-13) in Spanish elders aged 70 years or more].

Background And Objective: Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a construct relating to coping strategies in the face of traumatic events. SOC is defined as a personal disposition towards perceiving life experiences as understandable, manageable and meaningful. The construct has shown itself to be a predictor of self-reported and objective health in a variety of contexts.

Stroke prevalence among the Spanish elderly: an analysis based on screening surveys.

Background: This study sought to describe stroke prevalence in Spanish elderly populations and compare it against that of other European countries.

Methods: We identified screening surveys--both published and unpublished--in Spanish populations, which fulfilled specific quality requirements and targeted prevalence of stroke in populations aged 70 years and over. Surveys covering seven geographically different populations with prevalence years in the period 1991-2002 were selected, and the respective authors were then asked to provide descriptions of the methodology and raw age-specific data by completing a questionnaire.

Dementia, stroke and Parkinson's disease in Spanish populations: a review of door-to-door prevalence surveys.

We identified 14 door-to-door prevalence surveys on dementia, parkinsonism or stroke in Spanish populations fulfilling specific criteria and combined selected age- and sex-specific data using logistic regression and taking Pamplona as a reference. The prevalence of dementia and of Alzheimer's disease varied significantly with space. However, the largest variation was seen for vascular dementia: odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for Gerona were 6.

[Dietary variety and diversity of Spanish children: Four Provinces Study].

Background And Objective: Diet variety is claimed for ensuring a healthy eating. Our objective was to analyze the relationship between the variety and diversity of the diet and its nutritional quality among Spanish children.

Subjects And Method: Cross-sectional study where information on food and nutrition was obtained through a food frequency questionnaire.