[Hemophagocytic syndrome at a pediatric specialty hospital. Underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis].

Background: The hemophagocytic syndrome is a serious complication of several systemic illnesses.

Objective: To define the characteristics of the hemophagocytic syndrome at a pediatric specialty hospital in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; incidences, underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis, associated conditions, treatment, and prognosis were included.

Methods: 214 cases of probable hemophagocytic syndrome that were seen between January 2011 and May 2019 were analyzed.

Non-EBV-Related Aggressive NK-Cell Leukemia: An Oncohematological Great Imitator.

Aggressive natural killer (NK)-cell leukemia (ANKL) is a very rare oncohematological disease among youngsters in Latin America. Its clinical picture imitates a variety of syndromes and diseases due to its pathophysiology. Its diagnosis is relatively simple due to the prominence of NK malignant cells in peripheral blood and its clinical aggressiveness.

[Sobrevida global de pacientes con leucemia aguda en el Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas de Chiapas, México].

Background: At the 10th anniversary of the Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas in Chiapas, Mexico, it was important to assess the 5-year acute leukemia overall survival under the Seguro Popular program (Popular Insurance).

Methods: A descriptive and survival study of 210 acute leukemia patients diagnosed and treated during 2008-2012 was performed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were developed for all patients, each leukemia type (B, T and myeloid) and for B type related to risk group, age, sex, leukocytes, cell markers, DNA index, karyotype, and translocations.

Elements Associated With Early Mortality in Children With B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Chiapas, Mexico: A Case-control Study.

Childhood Lymphoblastic leukemia's (ALL) early mortality (EM) is an undesirable treatment outcome for a disease for which >90% long term success is achievable. In the Western world EM constitutes no >3%; yet, in Chiapas, Mexico, remains around 15%. With the objective of improving on EM, we determined associated elements in 28 ALL who died within 60 days of arriving at Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas in Chiapas (HEP), by comparing them to those in 84 controls who lived beyond the first 90 days.

[Cytopathologic features of childhood acute leukemia at the Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas, Chiapas, Mexico].

Background: Childhood acute leukemia cytological features are unknown in Chiapas, Mexico. Defining these features is important because this is a relatively isolated population with high consanguinity index, and these aspects could determine differences in responses to treatment and outcome.

Methods: Eighty-one childhood acute leukemia cases treated at the Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas in Chiapas were characterized by morphology, immunophenotype, genotype, initial risk assignment and status at the time of the study.

[End stage renal disease lymphopenia; characterization and clinical correlation].

Background: Patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), defined as those in Stage 5 of the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) classification, have a number of acquired immune deficiencies secondary to the uremic stage, among them lymphopenia. In the present report, we retrospectively characterized the peripheral blood lymphocyte counts in a group of patients with ESRD and we related lymphopenia to their biochemical parameters and to the presence or absence of infections.

Methods: Medical records from 190 patients in ESRD were selected from 282 medical records of patients being treated between February 2008 and November 2012 for kidney failure at different stages.

[Association of benzocaine and paracetamol with neonatal-acquired methemoglobinemia].

Background: Drug-induced acquired methemoglobinemia in the newborn is a rare event; however, when it develops, early diagnosis and proper treatment become paramount because it can evolve rapidly into a particularly serious disease causing permanent brain damage or death.

Case Report: We report a unique case of severe methemoglobinemia that developed in a newborn associated with a minimal application of a benzocaine healing cream to an anal surgical wound while on acetaminophen. In addition to benzocaine as the primary cause in this case, we raise the possibility that acetaminophen-a mild oxidant-increased the susceptibility of the patient to benzocaine, leading to severe clinical methemoglobinemia based on the known immaturity of the enzymatic systems involved in caines and acetaminophen clearance in the newborn.