Monitoring and behavior of unsaturated volcanic pyroclastic in the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador, El Salvador.

Field monitoring and laboratory results are presented for an unsaturated volcanic pyroclastic. The pyroclastic belongs to the latest plinian eruption of the Ilopango Caldera in the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador, and is constantly affected by intense erosion, collapse, slab failure, sand/silt/debris flowslide and debris avalanche during the rainy season or earthquakes. Being the flowslides more common but with smaller volume.

Detection of vaccine-derived polioviruses in Mexico using environmental surveillance.

Background: Early detection and control of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) emergences are essential to secure the gains of polio eradication.

Methods: Serial sewage samples were collected in 4 towns of Mexico before, throughout, and after the May 2010 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) mass immunization campaign. Isolation and molecular analysis of polioviruses from sewage specimens monitored the duration of vaccine-related strains in the environment and emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses in a population partially immunized with inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV).

Guillain-Barré syndrome in children aged <15 years in Latin America and the Caribbean: baseline rates in the context of the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic.

In light of the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization of the World Health Organization requested that the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system of Latin American and the Caribbean be used to establish Guillain-Barré syndrome incidence rates. An analysis was conducted of 10,486 acute flaccid paralysis cases diagnosed as Guillain-Barré syndrome from 2000 through 2008 in children aged <15 years in Latin American and the Caribbean countries and territories. The average incidence was 0.