Cu-Catalyzed Enantioselective Borylative Desymmetrization of 1-Vinyl Cyclobutanols and Axial-to-Point Chirality Transfer in a Diastereoconvergent/Stereoretentive Allylation Scenery.

Cu-catalyzed asymmetric allylic borylation of 3,3'-disubstituted 1-vinylcyclobutan-1-ols renders axially chiral allylborane systems, with high asymmetric induction for both enantiomers, by precise selection of the cis or trans substrate. The enantioenriched alkylidenecyclobutanes served as chiral platform to prove the conceptually challenging transference of the axial-to-point chirality through two new stereocenters and one pseudoasymmetric carbon generated via diastereoconvergent allylation of aldehydes, without enantioselective erosion.

Organocatalysis as an enabling tool for enantioselective ring-opening reactions of cyclopropanes.

The rich reactivity profile of cyclopropanes has been extensively explored to trigger new organic transformations that enable unusual disconnective approaches to synthesize molecular motifs that are not easily reached through conventional reactions. In particular, the chemistry of cyclopropanes has received special attention in the last decade, with multiple new approaches that capitalize on the use of organocatalysis for the activation of the cyclopropane scaffold. This situation has also opened the possibility of developing enantioselective variants of many reactions that until now were only carried out in an enantiospecific or diastereoselective manner.

Centromeric AA motif in KIR as an optimal surrogate marker for precision definition of alloimmune reproductive failure.

Throughout pregnancy, the decidua is predominantly populated by NK lymphocytes expressing Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) that recognize human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) ligands from trophoblast cells. This study aims to investigate the association of KIR-HLA-C phenotypes in couples facing infertility, particularly recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and recurrent implantation failure (RIF), in comparison to a reference population and fertile controls. This observational, non-interventional retrospective case-control study included patients consecutively referred to our Reproductive Immunology Unit from 2015 to 2019.

Results of phase 2 randomized multi-center study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of infusion of memory T cells as adoptive therapy in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia and/or lymphopenia (RELEASE NCT04578210).

Background Aims: There are currently no effective anti-viral treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-hospitalized patients with hypoxemia. Lymphopenia is a biomarker of disease severity usually present in patients who are hospitalized. Approaches to increasing lymphocytes exerting an anti-viral effect must be considered to treat these patients.

Characterization of the novel HLA-DRB1*10:38 allele, showing an extended cytoplasmic tail.

Sequence and expression analysis of the HLA-DRB1*10:38 allele.

Coronavirus-19 disease risk and protective factors associated with HLA/KIR polymorphisms in Ecuadorian patients residing in Madrid.

Background: Immigrants represented 21.8% of cases in a Spanish cohort of hospitalised patients with COVID-19, a proportion exceeding the percentage of immigrants in that area's total population. Among the ethnic-related genetic risk factors for COVID-19, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes in diverse populations might bias the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or progression.

Rationale for combined therapies in severe-to-critical COVID-19 patients.

An unprecedented global social and economic impact as well as a significant number of fatalities have been brought on by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection can, in certain situations, cause immunological abnormalities, leading to an anomalous innate and adaptive immune response. While most patients only experience mild symptoms and recover without the need for mechanical ventilation, a substantial percentage of those who are affected develop severe respiratory illness, which can be fatal.

Results of haploidentical transplant in patients with donor-specific antibodies: a survey on behalf of the Spanish Group of Hematopoietic Transplant and Cell Therapy.

Background: Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are IgG allo-antibodies against mismatched donor HLA molecules and can cause graft failure (GF) in the setting of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT). Our aim was to report the experience of the Spanish Group of Hematopoietic Transplant (GETH-TC) in DSA-positive patients who had undergone haplo-HSCT.

Methods: We conducted a survey of patients who underwent haplo-HSCT in GETH-TC centers between 2012 and 2021.

Computational studies of Brønsted acid-catalyzed transannular cycloadditions of cycloalkenone hydrazones.

The contribution to the energy barrier of a series of tethers in transannular cycloadditions of cycloalkenes with hydrazones has been computationally studied by using DFT. The Houk's distortion model has been employed to evaluate the influence of the tether in the cycloaddition reaction. That model has been extended to determine the contribution of each tether and, more importantly, the effect exerted between them.

Organocatalytic Enantioselective Vinylcyclopropane-Cyclopentene (VCP-CP) Rearrangement.

We have demonstrated that the catalytic and enantioselective vinylcyclopropane-cyclopentene rearrangement can be carried out on (vinylcyclopropyl)acetaldehydes through activation via enamine intermediates. The reaction makes use of racemic starting materials that, upon ring opening facilitated by the catalytic generation of a donor-acceptor cyclopropane, deliver an acyclic iminium ion/dienolate intermediate in which all stereochemical information has been deleted. The final cyclization step forms the rearrangement product, showing that chirality transfer from the catalyst to the final compound is highly effective and leads to the stereocontrolled formation of a variety of structurally different cyclopentenes.

Identification of six novel HLA alleles, HLA-A*31:208, -B*08:306, -C*03:582, -C*04:494, -C*18:18 and -DRB1*07:133.

Characterization of six novel HLA alleles by next-generation sequencing.

Familial CD45RA T cells to treat severe refractory infections in immunocompromised patients.

Background: Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to high-risk opportunistic infections and malignant diseases. Most antiviral and antifungal drugs are quite toxic, relatively ineffective, and induce resistance in the long term. The transfer of pathogen-specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes has shown a minimal toxicity profile and effectiveness in treating Cytomegalovirus, Adenovirus, Epstein - Barr virus, BK Virus and infections, but this therapy have the main limitations of regulatory issues, high cost, and absence of public cell banks.

Donor selection for adoptive cell therapy with CD45RA memory T cells for patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and dexamethasone and interleukin-15 effects on the phenotype, proliferation and interferon gamma release.

Background Aims: We have previously demonstrated the safety and feasibility of adoptive cell therapy with CD45RA memory T cells containing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific T cells for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 from an unvaccinated donor who was chosen based on human leukocyte antigen compatibility and cellular response. In this study, we examined the durability of cellular and humoral immunity within CD45RA memory T cells and the effect of dexamethasone, the current standard of care treatment, and interleukin-15, a cytokine critically involved in T-cell maintenance and survival.

Methods: We performed a longitudinal analysis from previously severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infected and infection-naïve individuals covering 21 months from infection and 10 months after full vaccination with the BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine.

Full-length characterization of the HLA-DQB1*03:25:01 allele in two Amerindian individuals.

Genomic full-length characterization of the HLA-DQB1*03:25:01 allele.

Genomic full-length confirmatory sequence of HLA-DQB1*04:59N allele in three Colombian individuals.

The extended genomic sequence of HLA-DQB1*04:59N allele.

Long-Term Outcome of a Series of Patients With Narcolepsy Type 1 and Comorbidity With Immunopathological and Autoimmune Diseases.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of our series of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) patients with comorbid autoimmune diseases (ADs) and other immunopathological diseases (IDs), focusing on the incidence of new ADs and IDs in this sample.

Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted over 6 years (2014 - 2020) in a series of 158 Caucasians NT1 patients (96 males; mean age: 50.1 ± 19.

Recent Advances in the Prins Reaction.

The Prins reaction is a very convenient synthetic platform for the preparation of oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds, especially tetrahydropyrans and tetrahydrofurans. While this reaction has been extensively used by synthetic chemists since its discovery, the last years have witnessed impressive improvements in its performance and scope and especially in the development of new catalytic and enantioselective versions. This mini-review presents these recent advances through selected representative examples.

Brønsted Acid versus Phase-Transfer Catalysis in the Enantioselective Transannular Aminohalogenation of Enesultams.

We have studied the enantioselective transannular aminohalogenation reaction of unsaturated medium-sized cyclic benzosulfonamides by using both chiral Brønsted acid and phase-transfer catalysis. Under optimized conditions, a variety of bicyclic adducts can be obtained with good yields and high enantioselectivities. The mechanism of the reaction was also studied by using computational tools; we observed that the reaction involves the participation of a conformer of the nine-membered cyclic substrate with planar chirality in which the stereochemical outcome is controlled by the relative reactivity of the two pseudorotational enantiomers when interacting with the chiral catalyst.

Sequencing of two novel HLA class I null alleles, A*32:160N and B*14:113N, produced by single-nucleotide mutations.

Characterization of two novel HLA class I null alleles.

Transannular Approach to 2,3-Dihydropyrrolo[1,2-]isoquinolin-5(1)-ones through Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Amidohalogenation.

A transannular approach has been developed for the construction of pyrrolo[1,2-]isoquinolinones starting from benzo-fused nine-membered enelactams. This process takes place in the presence of a halogenating agent and under Brønsted acid catalysis and proceeds via a transannular amidohalogenation, followed by elimination. The reaction has been found to be wide in scope, enabling the formation of a variety of tricyclic products in good overall yield, regardless of the substitution pattern in the initial lactam substrate.

T-Cell Depleted Haploidentical Transplantation in Children With Hematological Malignancies: A Comparison Between CD3+/CD19+ and TCRαβ+/CD19+ Depletion Platforms.

Background: T-cell depleted (TCD) haploidentical transplantation using CD3+/CD19+ and TCRαβ+/CD19+ depletion techniques has been increasingly used in children with hematological malignancies. We present a retrospective study aimed to compare transplant outcomes in children with leukemia receiving a TCD haploidentical transplant using either CD3+/CD19+ or TCRαβ+/CD19+ platforms.

Methods: A total of 159 children with leukemia (ALL=80) (AML=79) that received a TCD haploidentical transplantation using either CD3+/CD19+ (n=79) or TCRαβ+/CD19+ (n=80) platforms between 2005 and 2020 were included.

Sequencing of a novel HLA-DQB1 allele, DQB1*04:02:01:16Q, with a mutation in the intron 3 donor splicing site.

The novel HLA-DQB1*04:02:01:16Q allele showing a point mutation in the intron 3.