HIV latency-reversing activity of latex from (Pax) Bruyns and three diterpenes isolated from this species.

Two unusual phorbol esters, namely 20-deoxyphorbol-3,4,12-triacetate-13-phenylacetate () and phorbol-3,4,12,13-tetraacetate-20-phenylacetate () plus ingol-3,8,12-triacetate-7-phenylacetate () were isolated from the latex of and identified by HRESIMS and 2D NMR. Compound is herein described for the first time. Assignment of the phenylacetyl group at C-7 in compound was suggested by the HMBC and NOESY spectra obtained in pyridine-.

In vitro toxicity of latex, its terpenoidal fractions and isolated phorbol esters from Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns on monocytic and melanoma cells.

In Brazil, latex from Euphorbia umbellata (African milk tree) has been increasingly used in folk medicine to treat several types of cancer, including melanoma. The effect of lyophilized latex (LL), its hydroethanolic extract (E80), triterpene (F-TRI)- and diterpene (F-DIT)-enriched fractions, along with six isolated phorbol esters from LL and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on J774A.1, THP-1, SK-MEL-28, and B16-F10 cell line viability were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method.

Antiviral and Virucidal Activities of (Cat's Claw) against the Chikungunya Virus.

(UT) is a medicinal plant popularly known as cat's claw belonging to the Rubiaceae family that has been reported to display antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks constitute a Brazilian public health concern. CHIKV infection develops an abrupt onset of fever, usually accompanied by a skin rash, besides incapacitating polyarthralgia.

Antimutagenic and antitumor activities of a water-soluble fraction of soursop ( Graviola, L.) fruit pulp.

Soursop () is a tropical tree whose decoction derived from bark, root, seed, or leaf has been used for medicinal uses. In addition, the fruit itself is considered a food, and the juice is utilized to treat heart and liver diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic content.

Miconia albicans (Melastomataceae) to treat Chikungunya viral infection: An effectual symptom-driven ethnomedicinal repurposing of an anti-inflammatory species?

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Miconia albicans (MA) is consumed all over the Brazilian territory as a remedy to treat rheumatoid arthritis and has been increasingly used to alleviate the deleterious symptoms caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV).

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the effect of MA leaf and stem hydroethanolic extracts (LE and SE, respectively), their fractions enriched in triterpene acids or polyphenols as well isolated constituents, on CHIKV hosted in Vero cells.

Materials And Methods: Polyphenol profiles of LE and SE were dereplicated by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, aided by standards.

Quantitative H NMR method for analyzing primaquine diphosphate in active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Thermal analysis, Fourier Transform IR, the isotropic chemical shift of H NMR in different solvents, their temperature dependence and spin-lattice relaxation time constant (T), solution 1D and 2D NMR, and solid-state C and P NMR (magic angle spinning NMR) were employed to obtain full information and elucidate the structures of primaquine diphosphate (PQD) samples used for quality controlling malaria medicines. Additionally, a simple, rapid, specific, and reliable quantitative method (qNMR) was developed to determine the PQD level in the raw material of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The method was developed using ethylene carbonate (EC) as the internal standard and dimethylsulfoxide-d (DMSO-d) as the NMR solvent.

Evaluation of the acute toxicity, phototoxicity and embryotoxicity of a residual aqueous fraction from extract of the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata.

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main exogenous inductor of skin damage and so photoprotection is important to control skin disorders. The Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata is an important source of antioxidants and the photoprotective activity of its organic extracts has been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the potential photoprotection, cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity of residual aqueous fraction (AF) from the moss S.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi hydroalcoholic extract on neutrophil migration in zymosan-induced arthritis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Schinus terebinthifolius is a species of plant from the Anacardiaceae family, which can be found in different regions of Brazil. Schinus is popularly known as aroeirinha, aroeira-vermelha, or Brazilian pepper. In folk medicine, S.

Photoprotective and toxicological activities of extracts from the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata.

Background: The Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske has shown high ultraviolet (UV)-absorbers content after exposition to high levels of UV-B radiation and can be an important source of antioxidants.

Objective: The aim was to investigate photoprotection and mutagenicity by the aqueous extract (AE) and hydroethanolic extract (HE) from the Antarctic moss S.

Efficiency and selectivity of triterpene acid extraction from decoctions and tinctures prepared from apple peels.

Background: This study assessed the extraction efficiency of ursolic (UA) and oleanolic acids (OA), as well as the total phenols in aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of dry apple peels at room temperature.

Materials And Methods: AFTER RUNNING PRELIMINARY ASSAYS ON DECOCTIONS AND TINCTURES (ETHANOL: water 7:3 v/v), the extracts from dried apple (cv. Fuji) peels were obtained by static maceration over varied intervals (2 to 180 days).

Toxicological evaluation of Euterpe edulis: a potential superfruit to be considered.

Superfruits have a high nutritional value due to their richness in nutrients, antioxidants, proven or potential health benefits and taste appeal. However, there are no scientific criteria for defining which fruits are superfruits. In Brazil, several palms have an edible palm heart, the best known and most widely appreciated of which is called Acai (Euterpe oleracea).

Effects of Sanionia uncinata extracts in protecting against and inducing DNA cleavage by reactive oxygen species.

When mosses are exposed to increased quantities of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, they produce more secondary metabolites. Antarctica moss Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske has presented high carotenoid contents in response to an increase in UVB radiation.

Mutagenic risks induced by homemade hair straightening creams with high formaldehyde content.

Regardless of official recommendations, the inappropriate use of homemade hair creams has became a popular practice in Brazil and high formaldehyde content in the 'progressive straightening' creams has been reported. In the present work, three of these creams were analyzed by spectrophotometric, chromatographic and genotoxic assays in order to evaluate mutagenic risks associated with the uncontrolled addition of formaldehyde at contents higher than those allowed by regulation. The ultraviolet and Fourier-transformed infrared absorption spectra showed characteristic signals that can be assigned to formaldehyde, although with different relative intensities, revealing distinct compositions.

The influence of pH on the inhibition of DNA cleavages induced by pyrogallol.

Induction of DNA damage by pyrogallol has been shown at physiological pH, but mutagenesis data also suggest there is inhibition in acidic media. In the present work, the plasmid pBSK was incubated with pyrogallol, under aerobic conditions at 37 degrees C, at pH 7.4, 4.

Immunomodulating and antiviral activities of Uncaria tomentosa on human monocytes infected with Dengue Virus-2.

Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC., a large woody vine native to the Amazon and Central American rainforests has been used medicinally by indigenous peoples since ancient times and has scientifically proven immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.

Evaluation of nitroreductase and acetyltransferase participation in N-nitrosodiethylamine genotoxicity.

N-Nitroso compounds, such as N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), are a versatile group of chemical carcinogens, being suspected to be involved in gastrointestinal tumors in humans. The intestinal microflora can modify a wide range of environmental chemicals either directly or in the course of enterohepatic circulation. Nitroreductases from bacteria seem to have a wide spectrum of substrates, as observed by the reduction of several nitroaromatic compounds, but their capacity to metabolize N-nitroso compounds has not been described.

Participation of BER and NER pathways in the repair of DNA lesions induced at low N-nitrosodiethylamine concentrations.

In the present work, we evaluated (p < 0.05) the participation of base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) mechanisms in repairing DNA lesions induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) at 1.5 ng/mL-36.

Linalool from Lippia alba: study of the reproducibility of the essential oil profile and the enantiomeric purity.

A new chemotype of the aromatic Verbenaceae species Lippia alba Mill. N. E.