T9 glioma cells expressing membrane-macrophage colony stimulating factor produce CD4+ T cell-associated protective immunity against T9 intracranial gliomas and systemic immunity against different syngeneic gliomas.

Cloned T9 glioma cells (T9-C2) expressing the membrane form of macrophage colony stimulating factor (mM-CSF) inoculated subcutaneously into rats do not grow and glioma-specific immunity is stimulated. Immunotherapy experiments showed that intracranial T9 tumors present for one to four days could be successfully eradicated by peripheral vaccination with T9-C2 cells. CD4+ and CD8+ T splenocytes from immunized rats, when restimulated in vitro with T9 cells, produced interleukin-2 and -4.