RAD51 recombinase and its paralogs: Orchestrating homologous recombination and unforeseen functions in protozoan parasites.

The DNA of protozoan parasites is highly susceptible to damage, either induced by environmental agents or spontaneously generated during cellular metabolism through reactive oxygen species (ROS). Certain phases of the cell cycle, such as meiotic recombination, and external factors like ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or chemical genotoxic agents further increase this susceptibility. Among the various types of DNA damage, double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are the most critical, as they are challenging to repair and can result in genetic instability or cell death.