Topical Insulin Eye Drops: Stability and Safety of Two Compounded Formulations for Treating Persistent Corneal Epithelial Defects.

Compounded insulin eye drops were prepared at 1 IU/mL from commercially available subcutaneous insulin by dilution in saline solution or artificial tears. Physicochemical characterization and in vitro tolerance testing in human and conjunctival cells were followed by a 28-day short-term stability study under various conditions. The formulations were isotonic (280-300 mOsm/L), had a pH close to neutral (7-8), medium surface-tension values (<56 MN/m), and low (≈1 mPa·s) and medium (≈5 mPa·s) viscosities (compounded normal saline solution and artificial tear-based preparation, respectively).

Enhancing the hypotensive effect of latanoprost by combining synthetic phosphatidylcholine liposomes with hyaluronic acid and osmoprotective agents.

The first line of glaucoma treatment focuses on reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) through the prescription of topical prostaglandin analogues, such as latanoprost (LAT). Topical ophthalmic medicines have low bioavailability due to their rapid elimination from the ocular surface. Nanotechnology offers innovative ways of enhancing the ocular bioavailability of antiglaucoma agents while reducing administration frequency.

Smart biodegradable hydrogels: Drug-delivery platforms for treatment of chronic ophthalmic diseases affecting the back of the eye.

This paper aims to develop smart hydrogels based on functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA) and PLGA-PEG-PLGA (PLGA,poly-(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid); PEG,polyethylene glycol) for use as intraocular drug-delivery platforms. Anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone-phosphate (0.2 %w/v) was the drug selected to load on the hydrogels.

Novel Osmoprotective DOPC-DMPC Liposomes Loaded with Antihypertensive Drugs as Potential Strategy for Glaucoma Treatment.

Glaucoma is a group of chronic irreversible neuropathies that affect the retina and the optic nerve. It is considered one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Although it can be due to various causes, the most important modifiable risk factor is the elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

A novel osmoprotective liposomal formulation from synthetic phospholipids to reduce hyperosmolar stress in dry eye treatments.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a worldwide, multifactorial disease mainly caused by a deficit in tear production or increased tear evaporation with an increase in tear osmolarity and inflammation. This causes discomfort and there is a therapeutic need to restore the homeostasis of the ocular surface. The aim of the present work was to develop a biodegradable and biocompatible liposomal formulation from the synthetic phospholipids 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) that is able to reduce the effects of hypertonic stress by helping to restore the lipid layer of the tear film.

Thermo-Responsive PLGA-PEG-PLGA Hydrogels as Novel Injectable Platforms for Neuroprotective Combined Therapies in the Treatment of Retinal Degenerative Diseases.

The present study aims to develop a thermo-responsive-injectable hydrogel (HyG) based on PLGA-PEG-PLGA (PLGA = poly-(DL-lactic acid co-glycolic acid); PEG = polyethylene glycol) to deliver neuroprotective agents to the retina over time. Two PLGA-PEG PLGA copolymers with different PEG:LA:GA ratios (1:1.54:23.

Liposomes as vehicles for topical ophthalmic drug delivery and ocular surface protection.

The development of ophthalmic formulations able to deliver hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs to the inner structures of the eye and restore the preocular tear film has been a leading topic of discussion over the last few years. In this sense, liposomes represent a suitable strategy to achieve these objectives in ocular drug delivery. Knowledge of the different physiological and anatomical eye structures, and specially the ocular surface are critical to better understanding and comprehending the characteristics required for the development of topical ophthalmic liposomal formulations.

Gelatin Nanoparticles-HPMC Hybrid System for Effective Ocular Topical Administration of Antihypertensive Agents.

The increment in ocular drug bioavailability after topical administration is one of the main challenges in pharmaceutical technology. For several years, different strategies based on nanotechnology, hydrogels or implants have been evaluated. Nowadays, the tolerance of ophthalmic preparations has become a critical issue and it is essential to the use of well tolerated excipients.

Osmoprotectants in Hybrid Liposome/HPMC Systems as Potential Glaucoma Treatment.

The combination of acetazolamide-loaded nano-liposomes and Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with similar components to the preocular tear film in an osmoprotectant media (trehalose and erythritol) is proposed as a novel strategy to increase the ocular bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Ophthalmic formulations based on acetazolamide-loaded liposomes, dispersed in the osmoprotectant solution (ACZ-LP) or in combination with HPMC (ACZ-LP-P) were characterized and in vivo evaluated. The pH and tonicity of both formulations resulted in physiological ranges.