Outbreak of Rotavirus Diarrheal Infection among Adults in King County, Washington, January-June 2023.

Rotavirus is a leading cause of diarrhea among children but less known as a cause among adults. We describe clinical, epidemiologic, and genotype characteristics of a rotavirus outbreak among adults in King County, Washington occurring January-June 2023. Adult rotavirus incidence in 2023 was ten times higher than the same period in 2022 (5% versus 0.

Coding-complete genome sequences of rotavirus A reference strains EDIM, Ph158, and CC425.

This study reports the coding-complete genome sequences of three rotavirus A (RVA) reference strains previously adapted in tissue culture: RVA/Mouse-tc/USA/EDIM/XXXX/G16P[16] with a G16-P[16]-I7-R7-C7-M8-A7-N7-T10-E7-H9 genotype constellation, RVA/Human-tc/USA/Ph158/1998/G9P[6] with a G9-P[6]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 genotype constellation, and RVA/Human-tc/USA/CC425/1998/G3P[9] with a G3-P[9]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T1-E2-H3 genotype constellation.

Coding-Complete Genome Sequences of G6P[14] Rotavirus Strain Detected in a Human Stool Specimen within the United States.

In this study, we report the detection of a G6P[14] rotavirus strain from a human stool sample within the United States. The full genotype constellation of the G6P[14] strain was identified as G6-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3.

Genotypic investigation of a rotavirus cluster at a quaternary-care pediatric hospital.

Rotavirus (RV) was a common healthcare-associated infection prior to the introduction of the RV vaccine. Following widespread RV vaccination, healthcare-associated rotavirus cases are rare. We describe an investigation of a cluster of rotavirus infections in a pediatric hospital in which an uncommon genotype not typically circulating in the United States was detected.

Rotavirus Strain Trends in United States, 2009-2016: Results from the National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS).

Before the introduction of vaccines, group A rotaviruses (RVA) were the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS) was established in 1996 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to perform passive RVA surveillance in the USA. We report the distribution of RVA genotypes collected through NRSSS during the 2009-2016 RVA seasons and retrospectively examine the genotypes detected through the NRSSS since 1996.

Whole genome analysis of rotavirus strains circulating in Benin before vaccine introduction, 2016-2018.

Species A rotaviruses (RVA) still play a major role in causing acute diarrhea in children under five years old worldwide. Currently, an 11-gene classification system is used to designate the full genotypic constellations of circulating strains. Viral proteins and non-structural proteins in the order VP7-VP4-VP6-VP1-VP2-VP3-NSP1-NSP2-NSP3-NSP4-NSP5/6 are represented by the genotypes Gx-P[x]-Ix-Rx-Cx-Mx-Ax-Nx-Tx-Ex-Hx, respectively.

Whole genome and in-silico analyses of G1P[8] rotavirus strains from pre- and post-vaccination periods in Rwanda.

Rwanda was the first low-income African country to introduce RotaTeq vaccine into its Expanded Programme on Immunization in May 2012. To gain insights into the overall genetic make-up and evolution of Rwandan G1P[8] strains pre- and post-vaccine introduction, rotavirus positive fecal samples collected between 2011 and 2016 from children under the age of 5 years as part of ongoing surveillance were genotyped with conventional RT-PCR based methods and whole genome sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. From a pool of samples sequenced (n = 158), 36 were identified as G1P[8] strains (10 pre-vaccine and 26 post-vaccine), of which 35 exhibited a typical Wa-like genome constellation.

Determining the maximum length of logical rules in a classifier and visual comparison of results.

Supervised learning problems can be faced by using a wide variety of approaches supported in machine learning. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in using the evolutionary computation paradigm as the classifier search method, helping the technique of applied machine learning. In this context, the knowledge representation in form of logical rules has been one of the most accepted machine learning approaches, because of its level of expressiveness.

Metabolism of - and -Resveratrol and Dihydroresveratrol in an Intestinal Epithelial Model.

-resveratrol, a well-known plant phenolic compound, has been intensively investigated due to its association with the so-called French paradox. However, despite its high pharmacological potential, -resveratrol has shown relatively low bioavailability. -resveratrol is intensively metabolized in the intestine and liver, yielding metabolites that may be responsible for its high bioactivity.

Biotransformation of Silymarin Flavonolignans by Human Fecal Microbiota.

Flavonolignans occur typically in (milk thistle) fruit extract, silymarin, which contains silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, silydianin, and their 2,3-dehydroderivatives, together with other minor flavonoids and a polymeric phenolic fraction. Biotransformation of individual silymarin components by human microbiota was studied ex vivo, using batch incubations inoculated by fecal slurry. Samples at selected time points were analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry.

Metabolism of Stilbenoids by Human Faecal Microbiota.

Stilbenoids are dietary phenolics with notable biological effects on humans. Epidemiological, clinical, and nutritional studies from recent years have confirmed the significant biological effects of stilbenoids, such as oxidative stress protection and the prevention of degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Stilbenoids are intensively metabolically transformed by colon microbiota, and their corresponding metabolites might show different or stronger biological activity than their parent molecules.

Effect of Selected Stilbenoids on Human Fecal Microbiota.

Dietary phenolics or polyphenols are mostly metabolized by the human gut microbiota. These metabolites appear to confer the beneficial health effects attributed to phenolics. Microbial composition affects the type of metabolites produced.

Determinants of TRPV4 activity following selective activation by small molecule agonist GSK1016790A.

TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4) channels are activated by a wide range of stimuli, including hypotonic stress, non-noxious heat and mechanical stress and some small molecule agonists (e.g. phorbol ester 4α-PDD).